Sketch of Work done by Home Teacher for the Virginia Commission [Hattie Chambers Wills]
description: Draft of a biographical sketch of Black educator for the blind, Hattie Chambers Wills, who was herself blind. Includes some editor's marks and several paragraphs of additional material written at least partially in shorthand. Hattie Chambers is listed as "Blind Girls' Supervisor" in the First Bienniel Report of the Virginia State School for Colored Deaf and Blind Children, Newport News, Virginia. Wills died Nov. 17, 1967 and was interred at Pleasant Shade Cemetery in Hampton, Va. Text: Sketch of Work done by Home Teacher for the Virginia Commission. This Picture shows Mrs. Hattie C. Wills Who For the passed year has worked as Home Teacher for the Virginia Commission for the Adult Blind. Her statistical report from August 15th 1923 to June 15th 1924 Shows Calls made on the blind 1014. Lessons given the blind. 1253. Reading and writing 388 Industrial. 865. Her classes are instructed in Revise Braille Reading Moon Type Reading. Pencil writing. Hand and Machine Sewing. Rug Weaving. Basket weaving. Chair Canning and Split Weaving. Crocheting and Knitting. Music Practical House keeping and cooking. She has organized Clubs which are doing good work to help brighten the lives of the Adult. Blind. Mrs. Wills Formerly, Hattie Chambers. Was born in Lynchburg Va. [A]t the age of three years. She was deprived of sight from illness. She was educated in the school for the Deaf and Blind. at Raleigh N.C. After leaving school She worked among sighted people . As a successf ful Music teacher.. In 1910 She was employed in the State School for the Blind at NewportNews Va. As instructor in the industrial department for the Blind. Which position she held untill[sic] 1920.. When She was compell to resign .. Because of over worked nerves..In 1913 She was married to A man with perfect sight. Mrs. wills Truly lives A normal life. She does all of her house work And cooking with out help. In spite of her handycap. She can be classed as A woman. who has made good. When asked what she contribute…
source: M 12 Box 1, Lucian Louis Watts papers 1921-1960, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: c. 1924
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/ Acknowledgment of VCU Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Conner, G. J. (2022). The Education of Deaf and Blind African Americans in Virginia, 1909-2008. Social Welfare History Project Virginia State School for Colored Deaf and Blind Children, Newport News, Virginia. First Biennial Report. 1909-10 to 1910-11. Social Welfare History Image Portal.

We Dedicate...... Virginia Commission for the Blind, September 25, 1941
description: Program from the dedication of the Virginia Commission for the Blind on September 25, 1941. The building, located at 3003 Parkwood Ave. Richmond, Va., was designed by prominent Richmond architects J. Binford Walford and O. Pendleton Wright of Walford & Wright, Architect. Members of the Commission listed on the program: James H. Price, Governor of Virginia Herbert J. Taylor, Chairman John L. Livers, Secretary Paul N. Derring Mrs. Howard C Gilmer Halstead S. Hedges, M.D. Clifton C. Hume Joseph J. Williams, Jr. L.L. Watts, Executive Secretary
source: M 12 Box 2, Lucian Louis Watts papers 1921-1960, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1941 September 25
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/ Acknowledgment of VCU Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Bukach, N. (2024). Lucian Louis Watts (1888 – 1974): Statesman, organizer, and advocate for blind and visually impaired Virginians. Social Welfare History Project

Report of the Legislative Commission For the Blind, 1920-21 [Commonwealth of Virginia]
description: A report made to the Governor and Members of the General Assembly of Virginia by the first Commission for the Blind. The report's Appendix includes: Resolutions adopted by the Virginia Association of Workers for the Blind in Convention Assembled: 1) Resolved: That the work for the blind in Virginia should be co-ordinated under a single permanent commission who should have general direction of the work of prevention of blindness, industrial rehabilitation, placement, home teaching, etc. 2) WHEREAS, The Virginia School for the Deaf and Blind at Staunton is at present crowded to capacity in attempting to care for the instruction of both the Deaf and the Blind, and Whereas, recent investigations have shown that the number of children in the State of the two classes who are not receiving an education is probably as great as those who are now in attendance at the school, and Whereas, the methods of instruction of the two groups are so radically different as to require separate groups of teachers, and complete duplication of class rooms, study halls, text books, and apparatus, involving indeed the maintenance of the separate schools within the same institution, Therefore be it recolved, that we are convinced that the interest of both classes will be promoted by complete separation of the schools. (Signed) H. J. Taylor, Chairman, Staunton, Va. Senator S. L. Ferguson, Appomattox, Va. L. L. Watts, Secretary, Staunton, Va.
source: M 12 Box 2, Lucian Louis Watts papers 1921-1960, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1921
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/ Acknowledgment of VCU Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Bukach, N. (2024). Lucian Louis Watts (1888 – 1974): Statesman, organizer, and advocate for blind and visually impaired Virginians. Social Welfare History Project

Negro Organization Society. Programme 12, 13, 14 November 1924. Fredericksburg, Va.
description: Program for the twelfth annual session of the Negro Organization Society, held in Fredericksburg, Virginia. November 12-14, 1924.
source: M 9 Box 81 Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries.
publisher: The Saint Luke Press. 900-2-4 St. James Street, Richmond, Virginia.
date: 1924
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries.
rights: NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.

League for the Promotion of Public School Education in Virginia letter, January 20, 1930
description: Informational letter from the League for the Promotion of Public School Education in Virginia signed by the Chairman, Robert S. Barrett. Barrett was the son of the Rev. Dr. Robert S. Barrett, an Episcopal clergyman, and Kate Waller Barrett, one of the first women medical doctors in the South and co-founder of the National Florence Crittenton Mission. Text -- Dear Fellow Virginian: As you have perhaps noted in the newspapers this League has been established for the purpose of promoting public school education in Virginia. It is non-political and non-sectarian. There are no dues or obligations of any kind and its membership is composed of those persons who are interested in this important subject. The simple advice that your are interested will make you a member. Just at the present time the League is interested in the establishment of a Secretary of Education in the Presidents cabinet, believing that it will be of great benefit to Virginia. We agree with Senator Capper, of Kansas, and Representative Robsion, of Kentucky, the authors of the bill now pending in Congress, who say: "We seek broader opportunity for the childhood of this Nation, by guaranteeing to every boy and girl under the Stars and Stripes, regardless of race, creed, or color, at least a Grammar School eduation. If we succeed the deplorable illiteracy, now so manifest on every hand, will be abolished and intelligence completely enthroned." We feel that as a friend of education you should be interested in this bill and are therefore sending you a copy together with Congressman Robsion's speech which effectually answers all arguments against it. After you have read this leterature we will greatly appreciate it if you would write to our Virginia Senators, Senators Claude S. Swanson, and Senator Carter Glass, and your representative in Congress letting them know that you approve the bill and asking them to advocate and vote for it. Yours very truly, Robert S. Barrett Chairman
source: M 9 Box 30, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1930 January 20
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: COPYRIGHT UNDETERMINED The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/

Suffrage Rally, May 1, 1915, Richmond, Va. [photographs]
description: These photographs document a suffrage rally held on the south portico of the Virginia Capitol on May 1, 1915. Dr. E. N. Calisch, rabbi of Congregation Beth Ahabah, spoke in favor of woman suffrage at the event. Joy Montgomery Higgins of Nebraska addressed the crowd next. The Equal Suffrage League was denied permission to speak on city streets by Richmond Mayor Ainslie, on the grounds that, while there was no law forbidding them to speak, neither was there one that allowed him to grant them a permit. The women proceeded to give speeches from inside an automobile, and the event was documented and reported by the Richmond Times-Dispatch on May, 2, 1915. According to the paper, Floating suffrage banners, fluttering yellow ribbons, silver-toned bugles, and a brass band proclaimed the fact that yesterday was Equal Suffrage Day in Richmond, as well as in every other town and city of the United States. Throughout the morning forty women, at eleven stands about the city, sold copies of the Woman's Journal, and suffrage flags, buttons, and postcards. The cordial and sympathetic attitude shown by the public was regarded as a striking illustration of the change in public opinion effected during the last few years. By June, ESL members had successfully secured a permit to speak on city streets. Note: Images displayed here are black and white copies of the original photographs. Automobile identified as that of Mrs. W. W. Foster. Occupants of the vehicle are: (back seat) Mrs. Alice Overby Taylor, Mrs. W. Hill Urquhart, Jr., Mrs. G. Harvey Clark; (middle seat) Joy Montgomery Higgins, Mrs. Charles V. Meredith; (front seat) Lila Meade Valentine, Mabel Vernon, Chauffer, James.
source: M 9 Box 239, Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849 - 1978, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1915 May 1
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/ Acknowledgment of VCU Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Suffrage, Social Welfare History Image Portal Suffrage at 100. A visual history. New York Times. Wheeler, M. (1992). Mary Johnston, Suffragist. The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, 100(1), 99-118.

Voting Rights and Legal Wrongs. A Commentary on S. 1564, the proposed "Voting Rights Act of 1965..."
description: This booklet was distributed by the Virginia Commission on Constitutional Government (VCCG) in opposition to the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The Commission began in 1958 and existed until the late 1960s. Led by David J. Mays, a prominent lawyer and advisor to Virginia’s commission on the response to the Brown v. Board of Education decision, it advocated nationally for states’ rights and conservatism, and eventually distributed over 2 million published pamphlets, brochures and speeches. Excerpts: FOREWORD During the first eight weeks of 1965, demonstrations of increasing size and intensity in Selma, Ala., and later in Montgomery, attracted nationwide attention to the efforts of Alabama Negroes to secure their right to vote. The demonstrations reached a political climax on the evening of March 15, when the President asked a joint session of the Congress for the immediate adoption of a "Voting Rights Act of 1965." Remarkably, members of the United States Supreme Court, in their judical robes, sat in the front row applauding. Three days later, on March 18, identical bills were introduced in the House (HR 6400) and in the Senate (S. 1564) to carry out the President's recommendations. The Virginia Commission on Constitutional Government believes fervently in the right to vote....At the same time, the Commission adheres just as fervently to a conviction that the power to fix qualifications for voting, uniformly applied to all persons, is a power plainly reserved to the States under Article I of the Constitution.... The proposed "Voting Rights Act of 1965," in the Commission's view, transcends the authority vested in Congress. Its key provisions are triggered not by discrimination on account of race or color, but by arbitrarily defined statistical phenomena.... In our view, the President is proposing to deal unconstitutionally with unconstitutional acts, thus piling a large subversion on a small one. He is proposing to go far beyond the limits of discrimination "on account o…
source: General collection, Call Number JK1861.V82 V6, Library of the Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
rights: NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Acknowledgement of the Virginia Historical Society as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Controlling the Vote -- Rights. Registration. Representation. Social Welfare History Image Portal Voting Rights Act of 1965. An Introduction. Social Welfare History Project Hayter, J. M. (2017). The dream is lost. Voting rights and the politics of race in Richmond, Virginia. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky Moeser, J. V. & Dennis, R. M. (2020). The politics of annexation. Oligarchic power in a southern city. Open Access Edition. Digital publisher: VCU Libraries. Original (1982) edition Cambridge, MA: Schenkman Publishing Company Hershman, J. H. Jr. Massive Resistance. (2011, June 29). Encyclopedia Virginia

The Candle. Vol. I, No. V, December 1957
description: Newsletter published by the Virginia State Conference-NAACP. The Candle's header shows two lighted candles and the motto, "It is Better to Light One Candle Than to Curse the Darkness." This issue includes reporting on the Virginia Political Action convention. Photographs of particiapnts in the Visual Aid Educational Political Action program show young people in costume and with props illustrating the importance of voting. Excerpts: Cover photograph captioned "The Three Presidents. 22 Years of Progressive Leadership. Dr. J. M. Tinsley of Richmond, president emeritus of the Virginia State Conference, congratulates Dr. Philip Y. Wyatt of Fredericksburg the newly elected Conference president as Dr. E. B. Henderson of Falls Church, retiring president looks on. Dr. Tinsley retired in 1955 after servicing as Conference president for 20 years. Dr. Henderson, after serving as president for two years could not stand for re-election because of a constitutional provision (adoped in 1955) prohibiting a third term." p.2 In our PAC work we have to keep going over the same points. In Virginia 26% of the adult population is colored, but we do not have a single Negro among the 100 Delegates in the General Assembly, nor among the 40 Senators. If we could get the majority of Negroes to vote our fight against segregation and discrimination would make real headway. There are three steps in getting Negroes to "count"; payment of poll taxes before the deadline, registration, and voting. Why don't more colored people vote? Some don't think it matters, some lack the education, some are fearful, and some just don't make the effort. We must keep hammering to get the deadlines met, to get older people who have never voted to overcome their shyness, to get citizens to study up on issues and candidates. We must inspire our teachers, ministers, and civic leaders to be voting citizens themselves and to preach the importance of using the ballot to win freedom.
source: M 296 Box 2, John Mitchell Brooks collection of NAACP files, 1957-1960, 1978 James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1957 December
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: COPYRIGHT UNDETERMINED The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/

Every Man His Own Law [cover title: In those days there was no king in Israel...]
description: This booklet was distributed by the Virginia Commission on Constitutional Government (VCCG) . Led by David J. Mays, a prominent lawyer and advisor to Virginia’s commission on the response to the Brown v. Board of Education decision, it advocated nationally for states’ rights and conservatism, and eventually distributed over 2 million published pamphlets, brochures and speeches. This booklet argues against the Voting Rights Act and describes demonstrations as looting and mobbery. Excerpts: EVERY MAN HIS OWN LAW. A commentary by the Virginia Commission on Constitutional Government concerning the unparalleled lawlessness in the streets of the Nation today. The Appendix contains excerpts from the Constitution of the United States; the Virginia Bill of Rights; and excerpts from the Code of Virginia. Specifically covered are several sections of the Code of Virginia dealing with suppression of and punishment for riotous acts. In those days there was no king in Israel: every man did that which was right in his own eyes. --JUDGES 21:25 Forward: It seems necessary and appropriate, however, to devote one pamphlet to a protest against the current unparalleled lawlessness that has plagued many of our cities, and which, if continued, would destroy those very liberties which the rioters profess to cherish but seek to gain through lawless acts. p.6 The ballot box is secret and is made accessible to those who have no property qualifications whatsoever and pay no taxes of any kind; and to those who cannot even read the comics. The most ignorant now has the same voice as the philosopher--often much greater because of the weight of minorities in key states in presidential elections. p.8 The American people are long-suffering and will tolerate repeated abuses; but a time comes when they rise in wrath to stamp them out. When they do, no minority group can resiste them, no matter what means it employs. p.9 They are insurrections against government. And it is no longer a matter of race, be…
source: General collection. Call number K 49 V75 E8. Library of the Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
date: 1967 October
contributor: Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
rights: NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Acknowledgement of the Virginia Historical Society as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Controlling the Vote -- Rights. Registration. Representation. Social Welfare History Image Portal Voting Rights Act of 1965. An Introduction. Social Welfare History Project Hershman, J. H. Jr. Massive Resistance. (2011, June 29). Encyclopedia Virginia

"You Gotta Believe It" Your One Vote Does Count. [Crusade for Voters pamphlet]
description: Front and back covers of a four-page pamphlet created by the Crusade for Voters, Richmond, Va. The circular logo on the front cover shows a family of color with an American flag. Surrounding them is the slogan, "Every member of our family is a voter." Other text on the page says, "'You Gotta Believe It' Your One Vote Does Count. In Unity There is Strength." p.4 excerpts The black vote could be vital in many councilmanic elections, congressional elections, and even in the presidential election. If there is one who has not seen the value of the vote, take him by the hand and get him registered. He could be your next door neighbor, your husband, your wife, a member of your church, club, or organization. Wherever you find him, get him registered! By using your votes wisely -- voting for the right people -- impossible doors will be opened. The power of the people is at the Ballot Box -- Vote. At page bottom: Published by the Crusade for Voters -- a non partisan organization in the interest of increasing the Voter Registration and Education.
source: M 296, Box 2, John Mitchell Brooks collection of NAACP files, 1957-1960, 1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
publisher: Crusade for Voters, Richmond, Va.
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: COPYRIGHT UNDETERMINED The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Controlling the Vote: Rights. Registration. Representation. Social Welfare History Image Portal Hayter, J. M. (2017). The dream is lost. Voting rights and the politics of race in Richmond, Virginia. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky Moeser, J. V. & Dennis, R. M. (2020). The politics of annexation. Oligarchic power in a southern city. Open Access Edition. Digital publisher: VCU Libraries. Original (1982) edition Cambridge, MA: Schenkman Publishing Company Voter registration, Social Welfare History Image Portal Voting rights, Social Welfare History Image Portal

Richmond Exchange for Woman's Work members
description: Members stand outside the Exchange for Woman's Work at 203 East Franklin Street, Richmond, Va.
source: MSC0037-Photo, The Valentine
date: c. 1930
contributor: The Valentine
rights: COPYRIGHT NOT EVALUATED The copyright and related rights status of this Item has not been evaluated. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Sander, K. W. (1998). The Business of charity: The woman's exchange movement, 1832-1900. Urbana: University of Illinois Federation of Woman's Exchanges Richmond Exchange for Woman's Work, Social Welfare History Image Portal

Richmond Exchange for Woman's Work [card]
description: Card describing the mission of the Richmond Exchange for Woman's Work. The Exchange for Woman’s Work, founded in 1883, was part of the Woman’s Exchange movement started in Philadelphia in 1832. Exchanges were popular places for women in hardship to sell goods on consignment without working publicly, a social taboo at the time. Some Exchanges still operate, and while the Richmond Exchange closed in 1955, it launched several female-owned businesses including Sally Bell’s Kitchen, still in business. Its founders—Elizabeth Lee Milton and Sarah Cabell Jones—met through the Richmond Woman’s Exchange. Card text: This depot for the exhibition and sale of the handiwork of needy women has always on hand an assortment of dainty crochetted and knitted goods, toilet sets, fancy and plain needle-work and painting, besides delicious home-made biscuit, cake, jellies, pickles, beef-tea, and delicacies for the sick. Strangers in the city may here find suitable souvenirs of their visit, and at the same time assist a deserving class of workers.
source: Manuscripts, Call Number Mss1 K2588 a 117-123, Library of the Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
date: 1880s
contributor: Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
rights: NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Acknowledgement of the Virginia Historical Society as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Sander, K. W. (1998). The Business of charity: The woman's exchange movement, 1832-1900. Urbana: University of Illinois Jones, D. G. (2001). A box lunch. Richmond, Va.: D. Jones. Federation of Woman's Exchanges Richmond Exchange for Woman's Work, Social Welfare History Image Portal

Richmond Exchange for Woman's Work [correspondence and ephemera]
description: This correspondence and ephemera pertain to the Richmond Exchange for Woman’s Work, founded in 1883, part of the Woman’s Exchange movement started in Philadelphia in 1832. Exchanges were popular places for women in hardship to sell goods on consignment without working publicly, a social taboo at the time. Some Exchanges still operate, and while the Richmond Exchange closed in 1955, it launched several female-owned businesses including Sally Bell’s Kitchen, still in business. Its founders—Elizabeth Lee Milton and Sarah Cabell Jones—met through the Richmond Woman’s Exchange.
source: Manuscripts, Call Number Mss1 K2588 a 117-123 and Manuscripts, Call Number Mss1 M3855 c 4024, Library of the Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
date: 1880s
contributor: Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
rights: NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Acknowledgement of the Virginia Historical Society as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Sander, K. W. (1998). The Business of charity: The woman's exchange movement, 1832-1900. Urbana: University of Illinois Jones, D. G. (2001). A box lunch. Richmond, Va.: D. Jones. Federation of Woman's Exchanges Richmond Exchange for Woman's Work, Social Welfare History Image Portal

Rules of the Richmond Woman's Work Exchange [broadside]
description: This broadside pertains to the Richmond Exchange for Woman’s Work, founded in 1883, part of the Woman’s Exchange movement started in Philadelphia in 1832. Exchanges were popular places for women in hardship to sell goods on consignment without working publicly, a social taboo at the time. Some Exchanges still operate, and while the Richmond Exchange closed in 1955, it launched several female-owned businesses including Sally Bell’s Kitchen, still in business. Its founders—Elizabeth Lee Milton and Sarah Cabell Jones—met through the Richmond Woman’s Exchange. Excerpts: 1. The annual membership fee is $2. This membership will entitle each subscriber to enter the work of three persons for one year.... 10. Articles of personal property, which ladies are compelled by necessity to dispose of, are received under the rules applied to all other consignments. 11. Work is not received from ladies whose circumstances do not make it necessary for them to dispose of their handiwork, except when the proceeds are to be devoted to charitable purposes.
source: Manuscripts, Call Number Mss1 K2588 a 117-123, Library of the Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
date: 1880s
contributor: Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
rights: NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Acknowledgement of the Virginia Historical Society as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Sander, K. W. (1998). The Business of charity: The woman's exchange movement, 1832-1900. Urbana: University of Illinois Jones, D. G. (2001). A box lunch. Richmond, Va.: D. Jones. Federation of Woman's Exchanges Richmond Exchange for Woman's Work, Social Welfare History Image Portal

Richmond Exchange for Woman's Work, 309 East Franklin Street [pamphlet]
description: This ephemera pertains to the Richmond Exchange for Woman’s Work, founded in 1883, part of the Woman’s Exchange movement started in Philadelphia in 1832. Exchanges were popular places for women in hardship to sell goods on consignment without working publicly, a social taboo at the time. Some Exchanges still operate, and while the Richmond Exchange closed in 1955, it launched several female-owned businesses including Sally Bell’s Kitchen, still in business. Its founders—Elizabeth Lee Milton and Sarah Cabell Jones—met through the Richmond Woman’s Exchange. A handwritten note at the document's end records "From March 1st 1883 to March 1st 1884 $2430.80 was paid to consigners -" Printed text excerpts: The Association has been organized to aid ladies whose pecuniary circumstances require them to make their own handiwork a means of their support, and also to afford an opportunity by which work may be sold for charitable purposes. The rooms of the Exchange are located in a convenient part of the city, and there useful and domestic, fancy and artistic articles are exhibited and sold. Orders for work of all descriptions may be given, and purchasers of tasteful and useful articles may relieve the wants of others while gratifying their own taste.
source: Manuscripts, Call Number Mss1 M3855 c 4024, Library of the Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
date: 1880s
contributor: Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
rights: NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Acknowledgement of the Virginia Historical Society as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Sander, K. W. (1998). The Business of charity: The woman's exchange movement, 1832-1900. Urbana: University of Illinois Jones, D. G. (2001). A box lunch. Richmond, Va.: D. Jones. Federation of Woman's Exchanges Richmond Exchange for Woman's Work, Social Welfare History Image Portal

Imperial Palace, Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, Atlanta, GA [postcard]
description: Postcard showing Imperial Palace, Stone Mountain, GA surrounded by seven Klansmen brandishing torches, mounted on horseback. A portrait of William Joseph Simmons, founder and leader of the second Ku Klux Klan, appears at upper right corner. Portrait caption: "Col. W. J. Simmons, Founder and Imperial Wizard." Text: "Imperial Palace, Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, Atlanta, GA. Stone Mountain, Largest Solid Stone in the World, one mile from Base to Summit. On its highest pinnacle the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan Oranized at Midnight, Nov. 25th, 1915." On reverse: "Published by a Klansman" --- The birth of the second Ku Klux Klan was partly inspired by D. W. Griffith's 1915 film, The Birth of a Nation. The face of Stone Mountain became the site of the Confederate Memorial Carving, the largest bas-relief sculpture in the world. This bas-relief depicts the three Confederate leaders of the Civil War: President Jefferson Davis and Generals Robert E. Lee and Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson. The sculptor was Gutzon Borglum, whose next major project was Mount Rushmore. In his "I Have A Dream" speech (28 August 1963), Martin Luther King, Jr. invoked the imagery of "My Country 'Tis of Thee" saying, Let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia. Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee. Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi. From every mountainside, let freedom ring.
source: M 172 Box 1, Calvin T. Lucy papers, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Backlash to Reform: Hatred and Extremism, Social Welfare History Image Portal Martin Luther King, Jr., Social Welfare History Image Portal Ku Klux Klan, Social Welfare History Image Portal Mapping the Second Ku Klux Klan, 1915-1940, Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries New York World Expose of the Ku Klux Klan, Wikipedia Ku Klux Klan, New York 1921. Chronicling America. Historic American Newspapers. Library of Congress White supremacy, Social Welfare History Image Portal

American Association for Labor Legislation [membership solicitation card]
description: Membership solicitation card published by the American Association for Labor Legislation. One side has an editorial cartoon by Gordon Grant, republished from Better Times, a New York welfare magazine. It shows a family standing under an arch in which the keystone (labelled "Employment") is slipping out. If the keystone falls, the family will be crushed. Excerpts: Security of Employment for the Breadwinner. The only basis of Sound Social Action. Help the Keystone Hold! Other side-- Purpose: To improve industrial conditions that needlessly involve loss of life, health and productivity of workers; and to obtain uniform labor laws in the interest of the whole community. This Association is an instrument with which men and women are accomplishing, cooperatively, what they could not hope to do individually.
source: M 9 Box 98, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: COPYRIGHT UNDETERMINED The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/
relation: Learn more: We're Home--Now What? National World War I Museum and Memorial exhibit

The Rights of the People -- Women Are People. Suffrage Victory Map [ESL of Virginia / NAWSA broadside]
description: This broadside has a map at top that shows the extent of woman suffrage across the United States. At this time, women could vote in presidential elections in some states; in municipal elections in others; and only with regard to school bond and tax matters in others. The lower half of the broadside is titled "VIRGINIA WOMEN WANT THE VOTE." The text was created by the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia. It argues that two out of three women across the state, in both rural and urban location, are suffragists. "Virginia women who are asking for enfranchisement are BY NO MEANS A SMALL MINORITY." "The child and the home are the greatest assets of the nation. The Farmer's Wife is his working partner. She helps him to pay taxes on roads and schools. She should have the right on where and how these roads and schools are built; to elect the school trustees who determine what her children shall be taught." "Virginia wives and mothers should vote upon public health laws and moral laws which vitally affect the welfare of the family." The broadside then addresses the argument that a federal amendment permitting women to vote will increase the voting power of African Americans in the south. With the Civil War and Reconstruction only fifty-four years in the past, the southern states were against any federal law reducing their right to control who could vote. The ESL makes the argument that the states' power to levy poll taxes, have residency requirements, and require that voters be able to read and write will be sufficient. "Whte Supremacy. There is now no negro domination under male suffrage in the counties in Virginia where white people are in the minority, and there will be no negro domination with men and women voting." The broadside also argues that women are conservative voters, so woman suffrage will not increase the socialist vote.
source: M 9 Box 233, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: c. 1919
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/ Acknowledgment of VCU Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Suffrage, Social Welfare History Image Portal Discovery Set: Woman Suffrage, Social Welfare History Image Portal Discovery Set: Annotating Suffrage, Social Welfare History Image Portal Discovery Set: The Anti-Suffrage Movement, Social Welfare History Image Portal

Kate Waller Barrett [photograph]
description: Photographic portrait of Kate Waller Barrett. Barrett was one of the first women medical doctors in the south. She co-founded the National Florence Crittenton Mission with Charles Nelson Crittenton. The organization focused on the needs of unwed mothers and prostitutes ("fallen women"). Barrett was instrumental in helping unwed mothers become an acceptable subject of philanthropy.
source: M 9 Box 239, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: COPYRIGHT UNDETERMINED The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Kate Waller Barrett, Social Welfare History Project Florence Crittenton Mission, Social Welfare History Project Kate Waller Barrett, Social Welfare History Image Portal

Planks from the Suffrage Platform --as Stated by Mrs. C. C. Catt [anti-suffrage handbill]
description: Anti-suffrage handbill uses quotations to make its case that woman suffrage supports racial equality and will lead to intermarriage, advances feminist views, is unpatriotic and does not support the war effort or the Constitution of the United States. The Equal Suffrage League of Virginia and the Equal Suffrage League of Richmond are both named. The writer of the handbill asks, "Is our Constitution another scrap of paper? Do YOU endorse these doctrines?"
source: M 9 Box 233, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries
rights: NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/ Acknowledgement of VCU Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Discovery Set: The Anti-Suffrage Movement, Social Welfare History Image Portal

Permit granted to Equal Suffrage League of Virginia to hold public meetings in the street, June 23, 1915.
description: Permit issued by the Mayor of Richmond, Va. allowing the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia to hold public meetings on the streets and in the parks of the city. On May 1, 1915, the ESL were denied permission to speak on city streets by Mayor Ainslie, on the grounds that, while there was no law forbidding them to speak, neither was there one that allowed him to grant them a permit. The women proceeded to give speeches from inside an automobile. The event was documented and reported by the Richmond Times-Dispatch on May, 2, 1915. Photographs from the May 1 rally may be found in the Social Welfare History Image Portal.
source: M 9 Box 233, Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849 - 1978, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1915 June 23
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/ Acknowledgment of VCU Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Suffrage, Social Welfare History Image Portal Suffrage at 100. A visual history. New York Times. Wheeler, M. (1992). Mary Johnston, Suffragist. The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, 100(1), 99-118.

Miss Margaret Foley The Well Known Suffragist Will Speak [broadside]
description: Broadside publicizes two presentations by suffragist Margaret Foley: Hampton Court House on Wednesday, April 12, 1916 and in Newport News on Thursday, April 13, 1916. "Miss Margaret Foley The Well Known Suffragist Will Speak on Votes for Women... Miss Foley is the only woman who ever spoke in the Harvard Stadium and a most popular speaker. ALL ARE WELCOME Come and Hear What She Has to Say Under the Auspices of the Hampton and Newport News Equal Suffrage Leagues" Handwritten note at top of page, [?] liked Miss Foley "the best yet" Addition handwritten note gives Newport News location as Knights of Columbus Hall.
source: M 9 Box 233, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1916
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries
rights: NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Acknowledgment of Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Photograph of Margaret Foley distributing the Woman's Journal and Suffage News, Library of Congress Papers of Margaret Foley, 1847-1968 (inclusive), 1909-1929 (bulk), Harvard Library McDaid, J. D. (2019, September 12). Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (1909-1920), Encyclopedia Virginia

Come and Hear Southern Speakers Answer the Anti-Suffrage Arguments of Miss Lucy Price [broadside]
description: Broadside advertising Southern Speakers answering the anti-suffrage arguments of Miss Lucy Price of Ohio. Price was a well-known opponent of woman suffrage who argued "We know that we are the equals of men but we also feel that we have a work of our own that is just as important as that of men." (Cornell Daily Sun, 1915 February 12) Text: Come and hear Southern Speakers Answer the Anti-Suffrage Arguments of Miss Lucy Price of Ohio at the Suffrage Hearing Before the Joint Committees of the Senate and House in the Hall of the House of Delegates Monday, January 31st, at 4 O'clock." [Time is struck through and corrected to 3:30 O'clock.]
source: M 9 Box 233, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1915
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries
rights: NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Acknowledgment of Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: "Noted Anti-Suffragist to Speak Here Tonight. Miss Lucy Price Will Present Arguments Against Giving Ballot to Women." The Cornell Daily Sun, vol. 35, no. 101 (1915 February 12). Cornell University Library "Think Women Better Off Without Right to Vote" The Day (1913 February 21), p.11

Third Liberty Loan [pinback button]
description: Pinback button created by the Whitehead & Hoag Co., Newwark, N.J. Liberty loans (or Liberty Bonds) were war bonds sold in the United States in support of World War I. Subscribing to the bonds became a symbol of partriotic duty. There were four issues of Liberty bonds, beginning April 24, 1917. The Third Liberty Loan was issued April 5, 1918.
source: M 9 Box 233, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1918
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries
rights: NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Acknowledgment of Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Sutch, R. Liberty Bonds. April 1917 - September 1918. Federal Researve History. War Savings Stamps, Social Welfare History Image Portal

Nobody Knows How Dry They Are [1932 Presidential Election handbill]
description: This handbill advocates for the election of Democratic presidential candidate Franklin D. Roosevelt and his running mate John Nance Garner, and for the repeal of the Eighteenth Amendment. The handbill title calls to mind a popular refrain, "How Dry I Am." An editorial cartoon by Guy Spencer (reprinted from the Omaha World Herald) points out that Republican Herbert Hoover and his running mate, Charles Curtis, hold opposing positions on the issue of repeal. Excerpt: "The Republican platform and Republican spokesmen have attempted to mislead the people about prohibition as they have done about other important economic and political questions. Do you want evasion and hypocrisy on vital national issues? Do you admire leaders whose principles shift with every political wind? Democrats Have: A Clear Platform--Honest Candidates The Democratic Plank on Prohibition reads: 'We favor repeal of the Eighteenth Amendment.' In order to obtain much needed government revenue, it further favors immediate modification of the Volstead Act to legalize light wines and beer. The Democratic Platform as vigorously as the Republican demands: (1) Strict federal protection to states that choose to remain dry (2) Prevention of the return of the saloon"
source: M 9 Box 243, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1932
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: COPYRIGHT UNDETERMINED The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Guy R. Spencer, 1878-1945. Finding Aid. Nebraska History Museum. Flashback Friday Encore: Comics, Cartoons, Drawings and Doodles. Nebraska History. Prohibition, Social Welfare History Image Portal