The Leader of the Mob: "Lynch Her! Lynch Her!" [editorial cartoon by Oscar Cesare]
Editorial cartoon by Oscar Cesare originally published in the New York Sun. Republished here in Cartoons Magazine, vol. 3, no. 1 (January 1913), p. 15. Coleman Livingston Blease was governor of South Carolina from 1911 - 1915. He was notorious for being pro-lynching and against education for African Americans. Blease was a protégé of white supremacist Benjamin Ryan Tillman. A figure of Blind Justice stands alone as Governor Blease of South Carolina leads an angry mob to attack her. The mob carries pitchforks, sticks, and stones. Blease holds a rope as he looks back to urge them on. Caption: "The Leader of the Mob: 'Lynch Her! Lynch Her!'"
Cartoons Magazine, vol. 3, no. 1 (January 1913), p. 15. Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
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Learn more: Lynching, Social Welfare History Image Portal Jim Crow Laws and Racial Segregation, Social Welfare History Project Editorial cartoons, Social Welfare History Image Portal Stanley-Becker, I. (2019) Who’s behind the law making immigration a crime? This ‘unrepentant white supremacist.' The Washington Post (June 27, 2019). Annotate a PDF of this image using hypothes.is
Americanization Day -- July 4, 1917. Bulletin No. 8 of the Immigration Committee
One in a serial publication of the Immigration Committeee of the Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America. This bulletin encourages local Chambers of Commerce and the industries of the country to render national service by celebrating July 4, 1917 as "Americanization Day."
Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America. Immigration Committee.
M 9 Box 48, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
Learn more: Americanization, Social Welfare History Project
The Sheppard-Towner Bill: For the Protection of Maternity and Infancy
A pamphlet in support of the Sheppard-Towner Bill (S. 1039, H. R. 2366) for the Protection of Maternity and Infancy. This bill "permits the formation of an advisory committee consisting of the Commissioner of Education, the Surgeon-General of the U.S. Public Health Service, and the Secretary of Agriculture" to improve "instruction in the hygiene of maternity and infancy through public health nurses, consultation centers, and other suitable methods." The pamphlet outlines what the bill is, what it is not, what it costs, and why it is necessary.
M 86 Box 1, Roberta Wellford Collection of Women's Rights Ephemera 1915-1956, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
Learn more: Children's Bureau - A Brief History & Resources, Social Welfare History Project Julia Clifford Lathrop (1858-1932): First Chief of the Children’s Bureau and Advocate for Enactment of the Sheppard-Towner Maternity and Infancy Act of 1921
Influenza virus vaccines for Richmond region
After the influenza virus was finally identified in 1933, researchers immediately started to develop a vaccine. The first flu vaccine was approved for U.S. military use in 1945 and for civilian use in 1946. Unfortunately, the flu has several types, and many types come in multiple strains—each of which has to be included in a vaccine to provide protection. Each year, scientists make their best prediction as to which flu variants will circulate that year and prepare a vaccine that treats a combination of the most likely strains. Sometimes the match is a good one, but sometimes unexpected strains mean the vaccine is less effective. Immunity also wears off and different strains emerge—which is why it’s important to get a flu shot every year.
V.85.37.2477, Richmond Times-Dispatch Collection, The Valentine
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Programme for the Weekly Meetings of the Equal Suffrage League of Richmond
This program announces the topics and speakers for the Equal Suffrage League of Richmond's weekly meetings between Thursday, January 8, 1914 and Thursday, April 2, 1914. Topics for these weekly meetings include "Woman Suffrage and Organized Opposition - Liquor Interests, White Slavers and the Anti-Suffragists," "Social Unrest and Woman's Part in It," and "The Spiritual Significance of the Suffrage Movement." This program was compiled by Mrs. G. Harvey Clarke, Chairman of the Equal Suffrage League of Richmond.
Learn more: Women's Suffrage: The Movement, Social Welfare History Project Suffrage in the South: The Poll Tax, Social Welfare History Project Suffrage in the South Part II: The One Party System, Social Welfare History Project
Pamphlet advocating for compulsory kindergarten as a means to Americanization. Written by Philander Priestly Claxton, former United States Commissioner of Education, and David Starr Jordan, Chancellor Emeritus, Leland Stanford Junior University. Excerpt: "THE CHILD IS THE FATHER OF THE MAN The way to 'Americanize' foreigners as well as the native born is to commence at the beginning or as near there as possible. The idea of a kindergarten, like that of any other form of garden, is to give proper culture and to give it early, when it is most needed. The most important duty of any people is to care for its children. In the schools of today the future of the nation is written. And to the kindergarten all higher schools must look for the initiative of their work. All other forms of 'national defense' dwindle into impertinent insignificance when compared with the training of the children."
M 9 Box 103 Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
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Learn more: Kindergartens: A History - 1886, Social Welfare History Project Americanization, Social Welfare History Project
Annual Report of the Co-Operative Education Association of Virginia, Year Ending November 1, 1922. 1904-1922.
The Cooperative Education Association was organized in 1904 to advocate for public education reform in Virginia. In 1910 Mary-Cooke Branch Munford became president of the Cooperative Education Association. She served in this role until 1925. Motto on front cover: "Every public school in Virginia a community center where the citizens may unite for the improvement of their educational, social, moral, physical and economic interests." Map on back cover shows location of Community Leagues throughout Virginia.
Co-operative Education Association of Virginia
M 9, Box 98, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
Constitution and By-Laws for Community Leagues
Pamphlet explaining how to organize a Community League as a branch of the Cooperative Education Association of Virginia. Includes instruction and tip for conducting an initial organizational meeting, and the Associations Constitution and By-Laws. From p.4 "Not only school patrons, but all residents of the community should be urged to attend this initial meeting. There should be songs and recitations by pupils, and the services of some local speaker and leader should be secured for an address.... OUR MOTTO: Every public school in Virginia a community center where the citizens may unite for the improvement of their educational, social, moral, physical, civic and economic interests." Note: Mary Cooke-Branch Bunford was president of the Cooperative Education Association from 1910 to 1925.
M 9 Box 98, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
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Joan of Arc Saved France. Women of America Save Your Country
World War I poster created by Haskell Coffin for the United States Treasury Department. A radiant Joan of Arc wearing a suit of armor, lifts her sword and gazes heavenward. Text: Joan of Arc Saved France. Women of America Save Your Country. Buy War Savings Stamps. United States Treasury Department" From the Brandeis University digital collection "World War I and World War II Propaganda Posters"
Series I, World War I and World War II Propaganda Posters, 1908-1944. Robert D. Farber University Archives & Special Collections Department, Brandeis University
United States. Government Printing Office
Robert D. Farber University Archives & Special Collections Department, Brandeis University
NO COPYRIGHT - NON-COMMERCIAL USE ONLY This Work has been digitized in a public-private partnership. As part of this partnership, the partners have agreed to limit commercial uses of this digital representation of the Work by third parties. You can, without permission, copy, modify, distribute, display, or perform the Item, for non-commercial uses. For any other permissible uses, please review the terms and conditions of the organization that has made the Item available. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-NC/1.0/
Learn more: "World War I and World War II Propaganda Posters" Brandeis University Libraries digital collection Charles, H. K., Jr. (2008). Postal and Treasury Saving Stamp Systems: The War Years. Winton M. Blount Postal History Symposium, "When the Mail Goes to War." National Postal Museum The War Savings Stamps Campaigns, The Joe I. Herbstman Memorial Collection of American Finance Treasury Stamps & Postal Savings, The Joe I. Herbstman Memorial Collection of American Finance Equal Suffrage League Float, Thrift Day Parade, March 23, 1918, Social Welfare History Image Portal
Southern White Women on Lynching and Mob Violence [pamphlet]
From front cover: "Excerpts from pronouncements of different Woman's State Committees on Race Relations" Statements from Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia; followed by Resolutions from the Woman's General Committee, Commission on Interracial Co-operation. From back cover: "Organizations of Women Co-operating with The Commission on Interracial Co-operation Presbyterian Church (South) Episcopal Church (National) Methodist Episcopal Church Methodist Episcopal Church (South) Baptist Church (South) Disciples Church (National) Congregational Church (National) Y. W. C. A. (National) Woman's Clubs (By States) National Federation Colored Woman's Clubs" From pp. 3 - 4 (Georgia) "We have a deep sense of appreciation for the chivalry of men who would give their lives for the purity and safety of the women of their own race, yet we feel constrained to declare our convictions concerning the methods sometimes employed in this supposed protection...we believe that 'no falser appeal can be made to Southern manhood than that mob-violence is necessary for the protection of womanhood,' or that the brutal practice of lyching and burning of human beings is an expression of chivalry. We believe that these methods are 'no protection to anything or anybody but that they jeopardize every right and every security that we possess." p.5 (Oklahoma) "We believe that the government should protect all citizens, regardless of class or color, and that life and property should be held sacred. We hold, therefore, that no circumstances can every justify such disregard of law and humand rights as in involved in the crime of lynching and other forms of mob violence, and that in no instance can this be regarded as an exhibition of chivalry. We pledge ourselves to efforts for creating in our citizenship a demand for full justice for the Negro; more consideration for his achievements; and less glaring publicity on crimes attributed to the race." p. 7 "RESOLVED, (1) That we deplore the failure of State Governments to handle this, the most conspicuous enemy to justice and righteousness, and the most flagrant violation of the Constitution of our great nation. (2) That we definitely set ourselves to the task of creating such sentiment as is possible to us in each State of our territory to the end that not only sufficient laws shall be enacted to enable the trusted officers of the law to discharge their full duty, but to secure the enforcement of the laws now in existance. (3)That this resolution be presented to all our co-operating organizations and State Committees in an effort to put into effect such plans as are necessary to secure a sustained effort on the part of our women to accomplishment of these ends." Founded in Atlanta in 1919, the CIC functioned as the major race reform organization in the South during the period between the world wars. While it never openly challenged segregation or advocated racial equality, it did strive for an end to racial violence and for better treatment for all classes of black men and women (Bridging the Gap: The Commission on Interracial Cooperation, 2009).
M 9 Box 100, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
Commission on Interracial Cooperation, Atlanta, Ga.
Learn more: "Bridging the Gap: The Commission on Interracial Cooperation" Documenting the American South, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
The Southern Frontier, vol. 1, no. 1 [Georgia Issue]
Published by Commission on Interracial Cooperation (CIC), The Southern Frontier was a monthly newsletter, first issued in January, 1940. Aiming to share the stories overlooked by traditional newspapers, the newsletter published stories of social progress, as well as stories of racial injustices faced by African Americans across the American South. As described by the then President of the CIC Howard W. Odum, the name The Southern Frontier alludes to the need for even greater pioneering and progress in the social and cultural frontiers, the American South being the most turbulent field in reference to race relations and progress at the time. “The Georgia Issue,” contains contributions by: Howard W. Odum, President of the CIC Rufus E. Clement, Vice-Chairman of the Georgia Committee of the CIC H. A. Hunt R. L. Russell W. B. Sheftal M. E. Tilly W. A. Turner Articles include: “An Astounding Situation” – An article about The Training School for Negro Girls, donated to the State of Georgia by the State Federation of Colored Women’s Clubs, and left unused and unappropriated of funding by the Georgia legislature “Around Georgia” – A column highlighting the opening of the Booker T. Washington Community Center in Macon, the advisory board of the Bethlehem House, Negro Community Center in Augusta Georgia, hosting a multiracial community Christmas pageant, and other regional stories "Atlanta Pianist Plays at the White House" - A notice that pianist Josephine Harreld played for Eleanor Roosevelt and guests at the White House on December 12, 1939. "A Man of Distinction" - An obituary of Dr. Kelley (Kelly) Miller, the first African American student to attend Johns Hopkins University.
Jessie Daniel Ames Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching collection, 1930-1944, Austin Seminary Archives, Stitt Library, Austin Presbyterian Seminary Library
Austin Seminary Archives, Stitt Library, Austin Presbyterian Theological Seminary Library
Learn more: Pullen, Ann Ellis (2013). "Commission on Interracial Cooperation" New Georgia Encyclopedia. Commission on Interracial Cooperation, Social Welfare History Image Portal
Published by Commission on Interracial Cooperation (CIC), The Southern Frontier was a monthly newsletter, first issued in January, 1940. Aiming to share the stories overlooked by traditional newspapers, the newsletter published stories of social progress, as well as stories of racial injustices faced by African Americans across the American South. As described by the then President of the CIC Howard W. Odum, the name The Southern Frontier alludes to the need for even greater pioneering and progress in the social and cultural frontiers, the American South being the a turbulent field in reference to race relations and progress at the time. Vol. 1, no.2 contains contributions by: Geo. E. Davis Mack Goss W. L. Anderson L. D. Ames J. D. Lawhorn A. J. Finch Articles include: “Ku Klux Klan Needs Airing” – An article urging more newspapers to alert the public of the return to activity by the Ku Klux Klan. “The Education of Public Opinion” – An article discussing the education of public opinion by the Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching, and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People on the topics of mobs and lynching, and tax-supported education for Negroes. Rosenwald schools are discussed, as well as the public misconception the blacks make no real financial contributions toward their education. (Public education was segregated at this time.) "'More Libraries, More Racial Pride'" - An article about libraries for African Americans in rural areas. "It was agreed that information about members of their race who succeeded in art, literature, and business is essential to the creation of racial pride in Negro children."
The Southern Frontier, vol. 1, no. 3 [Mississippi Issue]
Published by Commission on Interracial Cooperation (CIC), The Southern Frontier was a monthly newsletter, first issued in January, 1940. Aiming to share the stories overlooked by traditional newspapers, the newsletter published stories of social progress, as well as stories of racial injustices faced by African Americans across the American South. As described by the then President of the CIC Howard W. Odum, the name The Southern Frontier alludes to the need for even greater pioneering and progress in the social and cultural frontiers, the American South being the most turbulent field in reference to race relations and progress at the time. The “Mississippi Issue” contains contributions by: J. Morgan Stevens M. M. Hubert A. J. Finch R. L. Hunt Theodore D. Bratton P. H. Easom Anselm Joseph Finch Horace Mann Bond R. B. Eleazer Will W. Alexander Articles include: “The South’s Problem Number One” – An article discussing poverty and over-population in the South. “The Wm. Johnson Community Center, Jackson, Miss.” – An article discussing a church-owned clinic serving the African American communities of Jackson, Mississippi. "Jim Crow Legislation" - An article about the defeat of Jim Crow amendments to a Mississippi Free Text Book Bill. State Senator H. L. Davis of Oxford is quoted as saying, "Under the Constitution the Negro is a citizen and of course we know and accept that. But he can never expect to be given the same educational and social privileges with the white man and he doesn't expect them. The best education we can give him is to use his hands, because that's how he must earn his living. It always has and it always will be." "An Oscar for Hattie" - An article about Hattie McDaniel's Academy Award for her role as Mammy in "Gone With the Wind."
The Southern Frontier, vol. 1, no. 4 [South Carolina Issue]
Published by Commission on Interracial Cooperation (CIC), The Southern Frontier was a monthly newsletter, first issued in January, 1940. Aiming to share the stories overlooked by traditional newspapers, the newsletter published stories of social progress, as well as stories of racial injustices faced by African Americans across the American South. As described by the then President of the CIC Howard W. Odum, the name The Southern Frontier alludes to the need for even greater pioneering and progress in the social and cultural frontiers, the American South being the most turbulent field in reference to race relations and progress at the time. The “South Carolina Issue” contains contributions by: Geo. E. Davis Adele Minahan Mary E. Frayser F. Clyde Helms Marion Paul Mack M. Goss Clelia P. McGowan Jeannie Heywood Haskell Lucile Jewell John Temple Graves, II Articles include: “A Tribute Is Due” – Profiles on Clelia Peronneau McGowan and Marion Birnie Wilkinson, who “laid the foundation stones for interracial cooperation in [South Carolina].” “The Marion Birnie Wilkinson Home” – An article about the home for orphaned and underprivileged African American children, operated by African American women of South Carolina. "Negroes Use Libraries" about efforts to extend library service to African Americans in South Carolina. A brief article about Maggie L. Walker high school of Richmond, Va., notes that it cost $500,000 and is "one of the finest institutions of its kind in the South."
The Southern Frontier, vol. 1, no. 5 [Texas Issue]
Published by Commission on Interracial Cooperation (CIC), The Southern Frontier was a monthly newsletter, first issued in January, 1940. Aiming to share the stories overlooked by traditional newspapers, the newsletter published stories of social progress, as well as stories of racial injustices faced by African Americans across the American South. As described by the then President of the CIC Howard W. Odum, the name The Southern Frontier alludes to the need for even greater pioneering and progress in the social and cultural frontiers, the American South being the most turbulent field in reference to race relations and progress at the time. “The Texas Issue” contains contributions by: Lulu Daniel Ames Mary E. Branch J. L. Brock C. H. Bynum Thomas W. Currie John M. Hanna Francis R. Weber Lynn Landrum J. L. Brock Gordon B. Hancock Frederick D. Patterson Articles include: “Texans Look Into Negro Education” – An article detailing the meeting of the Texas State Department of Education, the Texas Interracial Committee, and the Texas State Colored Teachers Association to discuss plans to provide in-state graduate education for African American Texans. “Holy Cross Clinic, Austin, Will Open in Early July” – An article detailing the opening of the Holy Cross Cross Clinic, a clinic caring for African Americans on small wages.
Published by Commission on Interracial Cooperation (CIC), The Southern Frontier was a monthly newsletter, first issued in January, 1940. Aiming to share the stories overlooked by traditional newspapers, the newsletter published stories of social progress, as well as stories of racial injustices faced by African Americans across the American South. As described by the then President of the CIC Howard W. Odum, the name The Southern Frontier alludes to the need for even greater pioneering and progress in the social and cultural frontiers, the American South being the most turbulent field in reference to race relations and progress at the time. “The Women’s Edition” contains contributions by: W. A. Newell Kathleen Mallory S. L. Timmons Selected articles are: "Redcaps Win Wage Suit $88,500 Award to 41" -- an article about a suit brought by the Brotherhood of Railway and Steamship Clerks to determine whether tips should be included in wages. “Editor Fined For Speeding Beaten and Jailed” – An article about Houston, Texas lawyer and newspaper editor Carter Wesley, pulled over for speeding by two highway patrolmen, beaten for “waving at white folks on the highway,” and subsequently jailed. He’d be charged with resisting arrest, disturbing the peace, and speeding, the first two charges dismissed for lack of jurisdiction and evidence. “They Handled Dynamite” – An article about two groups of Southern Methodist women, one white and one black, joining together to address the large disparity in living conditions between white southerners and black southerners. An article on p. 2 describes the role of church women in passage of an act by Richmond, Va. City Council to provide a twelve-acre playground for African Americans. The church women united with the Community Recreation Association which had worked for fifteen years to secure a swimming pool for blacks.
Learn more: Pullen, Ann Ellis (2013). "Commission on Interracial Cooperation" New Georgia Encyclopedia. Commission on Interracial Cooperation, Social Welfare History Image Portal Annotate a PDF related to this issue with hypothes.is
Published by Commission on Interracial Cooperation (CIC), The Southern Frontier was a monthly newsletter, first issued in January, 1940. Aiming to share the stories overlooked by traditional newspapers, the newsletter published stories of social progress, as well as stories of racial injustices faced by African Americans across the American South. As described by the then President of the CIC Howard W. Odum, the name The Southern Frontier alludes to the need for even greater pioneering and progress in the social and cultural frontiers, the American South being the most turbulent field in reference to race relations and progress at the time. Vol. 1, No. 7 contains contributions by: Virginius Dabney Selected articles are: The front page contains various articles concerned with "Education for the Negro." “Southern Women and Lynching” – An article briefly detailing the founding of The Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching, and their efforts, visiting each community in which a lynching had occurred. “Police Brutality Common In Southern Cities” – An article detailing how common police brutality is in Southern black communities, and the alarming complacency towards it among white citizens. An appreciation for the life of Robert Russa Moton (oulined in mourning black) appears on p. 4.
Learn more: Pullen, Ann Ellis (2013). "Commission on Interracial Cooperation" New Georgia Encyclopedia Commission on Interracial Cooperation, Social Welfare History Image Portal Robert Russa Moton (1867-1940), Encyclopedia Virginia
Published by Commission on Interracial Cooperation (CIC), The Southern Frontier was a monthly newsletter, first issued in January, 1940. Aiming to share the stories overlooked by traditional newspapers, the newsletter published stories of social progress, as well as stories of racial injustices faced by African Americans across the American South. As described by the then President of the CIC Howard W. Odum, the name The Southern Frontier alludes to the need for even greater pioneering and progress in the social and cultural frontiers, the American South being the most turbulent field in reference to race relations and progress at the time. Vol. 1, No. 8 contains contributions by: C. E. Chapman Jonathan Daniels (editor of the Raleigh, N. C., News and Observer) C. C. Spaulding Selected articles are: “The Need to Eat Is Not Racial” – An article discussing the increasingly impoverished conditions faced by not only the black community, but also the white community. It addresses how economic collapse and poor labor laws have resulted in lower-class jobs, perceived to be traditionally black jobs, being taken on by white people, and that the phenomenon it is not immediately a racial issue. “Negroes Celebrate 75 Years of Progress” – An article about the American Negro Exposition held from July 4, 1940 to September 2, 1940 at Chicago Coliseum, an event commemorating the 75th anniversary of the emancipation of those held as slaves in the South as well as the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. A notice about Louisiana Senate Bill 100 describes a proposed law that would require that "only bona fide voters can be employed in any capacity by railroads operating within the State" (p. 2). "White Women Seek Repeal of Poll Tax Law" notes that only eight states still assess a poll tax for the privilege of exercising the right of the franchise. Death notices (outlined in mourning black) for Dr. James Hardy Dillard, Mrs. Hallie Paxson Winsborough, and John W. Abercrombie are found on p. 4.
Published by Commission on Interracial Cooperation (CIC), The Southern Frontier was a monthly newsletter, first issued in January, 1940. Aiming to share the stories overlooked by traditional newspapers, the newsletter published stories of social progress, as well as stories of racial injustices faced by African Americans across the American South. As described by the then President of the CIC Howard W. Odum, the name The Southern Frontier alludes to the need for even greater pioneering and progress in the social and cultural frontiers, the American South being the most turbulent field in reference to race relations and progress at the time. Vol. 1, No. 9 contains contributions by: John A. Kenney Carter Wesley Lee M. Owen Homer F. Sanger A. W. Dent Selected articles are: “Shortage of Negro Doctors” – A column by editor Carter Wesley of the Houston (Texas) Informer, highlighting the severely disproportionate ratio of African American doctors to African American citizens living in the south, prompting Wesley to further call for a lowering of the training standards needed to become a doctor. “What Negroes are Saying about National Politics” – An article featuring campaign promises from the Republican Party of Philadelphia and the Democratic Party of Chicago as well as selected quotes from African American citizens in advance of the 1940 national elections.
Published by Commission on Interracial Cooperation (CIC), The Southern Frontier was a monthly newsletter, first issued in January, 1940. Aiming to share the stories overlooked by traditional newspapers, the newsletter published stories of social progress, as well as stories of racial injustices faced by African Americans across the American South. As described by the then President of the CIC Howard W. Odum, the name The Southern Frontier alludes to the need for even greater pioneering and progress in the social and cultural frontiers, the American South being the most turbulent field in reference to race relations and progress at the time. Vol. 1, No. 10 contains contributions by: N.C. Newbold R. B. Eleazer Selected articles are: “Commission Interracial Cooperation Holds Annual Meeting” – A recap of the annual meeting of the CIC, featuring highlights of the speech by President Odum, resolutions passed, new members elected, and the results of officer and director elections. "South Carolina Interracial Committee Has Klan Problem" -- describes the South Carolina Committee's efforts to condemn the KKK's acts of intimidation and physical violence, and to help defeat Klan members running for elected office.
Published by Commission on Interracial Cooperation (CIC), The Southern Frontier was a monthly newsletter, first issued in January, 1940. Aiming to share the stories overlooked by traditional newspapers, the newsletter published stories of social progress, as well as stories of racial injustices faced by African Americans across the American South. As described by the then President of the CIC Howard W. Odum, the name The Southern Frontier alludes to the need for even greater pioneering and progress in the social and cultural frontiers, the American South being the most turbulent field in reference to race relations and progress at the time. Vol. 1, No. 11 contains contributions by: William B. Ruggles Carter Wesley John Wesley Dobbs Robert C. Weaver Selected articles are: “The Negro Vote” – Column on African American party loyalty, and a critique of the Republican party’s appeasement and isolationist tendencies during the rise of Hitler in Europe. “Local Interracial Committees are Busy” – A page of short columns, detailing the activities of regional interracial committees in Georgia, Texas, and South Carolina. Articles on p. 3 concern the participation of African Americans in the Armed Forces. Dr. F. D. Patterson of Tuskegee Institute, Dr. Rayford Logan of Howard University, and Dr. Howard Long of the public schools of the District of Columbia visited the White House to discuss with the President possibilities of African Americans participation in the national defense. The work of Dr. Robert C. Weaver in this regard is noted. There is a brief notice (p. 2) that October 20 the Post Office Department issued a special stamp commemorating the 75th anniversary of the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution abolishing slavery. In April (1940) a stamp with the likeness of Booker T. Washington was the first time that an African American was honored in this way.
Learn more: Pullen, Ann Ellis (2013). "Commission on Interracial Cooperation" New Georgia Encyclopedia. Commission on Interracial Cooperation, Social Welfare History Image Portal Annotate a PDF of this image with hypothes.is
Published by Commission on Interracial Cooperation (CIC), The Southern Frontier was a monthly newsletter, first issued in January, 1940. Aiming to share the stories overlooked by traditional newspapers, the newsletter published stories of social progress, as well as stories of racial injustices faced by African Americans across the American South. As described by the then President of the CIC Howard W. Odum, the name The Southern Frontier alludes to the need for even greater pioneering and progress in the social and cultural frontiers, the American South being the most turbulent field in reference to race relations and progress at the time. Vol. 1, No. 12 contains contributions by: Felton G. Clark Charles S. Johnson Selected articles are: “The South, the Supreme Court and Negro Education” – An article concerning the obstacles faced by graduate education-seeking African Americas in the South. “Negroes Must Serve on Grand Juries” – An article condemning instances of purposefully excluding African Americans from serving on juries.
Published by Commission on Interracial Cooperation (CIC), The Southern Frontier was a monthly newsletter, first issued in January, 1940. Aiming to share the stories overlooked by traditional newspapers, the newsletter published stories of social progress, as well as stories of racial injustices faced by African Americans across the American South. As described by then President of the CIC Howard W. Odum, the name The Southern Frontier alludes to the need for even greater pioneering and progress in the social and cultural frontiers, the American South being the most turbulent field in reference to race relations and progress at the time. Vol. 2, No. 1 contains contributions by: Jessie Daniel Ames Selected articles are: "Negroes Make Progress--Many 'Firsts' in 1940" “Hot Spots Develop In Three States” – An article about high racial tensions in Memphis, TN; Dallas, TX; and Georgetown, SC, and how the general public, city governments, and police departments are responding. “What is a Lynching?” – An article describing a December 14, 1940 conference held at Tuskegee Institute in which a definition of lynching was accepted as needing “legal evidence that a person has been killed and that he met his death illegally at the hands of a group acting under the pretext of service to justice, race or tradition.” "Lynching Map of the United States for the Past Decade" "Why We Lynched--1940" notes the reasons for various lynchings in the South. An article on page 4 notes the unequal salaries of black and white teachers and school administrators in Virginia. "In the City of Richmond, the salaries of Negro principals of Negro high schools and elementary schools are a little more than one-half of the salaries paid to white high school principals--while white principals of Negro schools are paid approximately one-third more than Negro principals." "Negroes Refused Correspondence Courses" describes how the Texas Attorney General has rulled against black citizens who wished to take correspondence classes at whites-only schools.
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Learn more: Ames, J. (1938). Editorial Treatment of Lynchings. The Public Opinion Quarterly, 2(1), 77-84. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2745056 Waldrep, C. (2000). War of Words: The Controversy over the Definition of Lynching, 1899-1940. The Journal of Southern History, 66(1), 75-100. doi:10.2307/2587438 Pullen, Ann Ellis (2013). "Commission on Interracial Cooperation" New Georgia Encyclopedia. Commission on Interracial Cooperation, Social Welfare History Image Portal
Published by Commission on Interracial Cooperation (CIC), The Southern Frontier was a monthly newsletter, first issued in January, 1940. Aiming to share the stories overlooked by traditional newspapers, the newsletter published stories of social progress, as well as stories of racial injustices faced by African Americans across the American South. As described by then President of the CIC Howard W. Odum, the name The Southern Frontier alludes to the need for even greater pioneering and progress in the social and cultural frontiers, the American South being the most turbulent field in reference to race relations and progress at the time. Vol. 2, No. 1 contains contributions by: J. W. Haywood Selected articles are: “The South Has a `Bottleneck’” – An article describing the South as an environment common with incidents of governmental discrimination towards black citizens, as well as acts of goodwill on the parts of individual white citizens, but that are in turn done in silence or in secrecy to avoid backlash from governing or administrating entities. “Negro Soldiers Want White Commander” – An article describing a case in which a platoon of black soldiers holding resentment over being assigned a black commander. The article provides analysis of this story, one from a white southerner perspective, the other from a black southerner perspective. "Negroes Enter Army Aviation" discusses the formation of the Tuskegee Airmen. The article notes that the (Negro) National Airmen's Association opposes segregation in the military.
Learn more: Lapel pin, Airmen's Association of America, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Pullen, Ann Ellis (2013). "Commission on Interracial Cooperation" New Georgia Encyclopedia. Commission on Interracial Cooperation, Social Welfare History Image Portal
Published by Commission on Interracial Cooperation (CIC), The Southern Frontier was a monthly newsletter, first issued in January, 1940. Aiming to share the stories overlooked by traditional newspapers, the newsletter published stories of social progress, as well as stories of racial injustices faced by African Americans across the American South. As described by the then President of the CIC Howard W. Odum, the name The Southern Frontier alludes to the need for even greater pioneering and progress in the social and cultural frontiers, the American South being the most turbulent field in reference to race relations and progress at the time. Vol. 2, No. 3 contains contributions by: Dr. Horace Mann Bond Arthur L. Coleman John Temple Graves II L. R. Reynolds C. H. Tobias D. E. Williams Selected articles are: "The Southern Negro as a Consumer" “A Blurred Mirror Distorts the Image” – Dr. Horace Mann Bond, President of Fort Valley State College, speaking in Chicago on Race Relations Sunday. Bond speaks on the negative stereotypes and perception of Black people in dominant American culture and the dangers posed to the psyche of the Black community. “Negroes have their own News Sources” – A commentary on the value of Black newspapers and how stories are presented differently than in White newspapers