Members of the Virginia League of Women Voters, January 1923, Alexandria, Va.
description: Members of the Virginia League of Women Voters meeting in Alexandria, Virginia on February 3, 1923. Identification from back of photo Left to right: Mrs. Sarah Matthews, Norfolk Mrs. John H. Lewis (Eliz. Langer Lewis), Lynchburg Miss Adele Clark, Richmond Miss Helen Christian, Richmond A photograph of the entire group is held by the Library of Congress. This photograph was published on page 1 of the Alexandria Gazette, 139(23), January 26, 1923.
creator: Harris & Ewing
source: M 9 Box 242, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1923 February 3
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/ Acknowledgment of VCU Libraries as a source is requested.

Jefferson Ward: List of Qualified Voters, Election Tuesday, November 7, 1933
description: This 1933 booklet provides “a list of persons in Jefferson Ward in the City of Richmond, who have paid their State Poll Taxes.” Poll taxes were enacted by many southern states after Reconstruction to suppress African American voting. Such taxes were a precondition for voting and thus disenfranchised those who could not pay the fee. Use of the poll tax in federal elections was abolished with the passage of the Twenty-fourth Amendment in 1964, and in state-level elections by the 1966 Supreme Court decision in Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections. The booklet is divided into “WHITE” voters, listed in the first 274 pages, and “COLORED” voters, listed on pages 275 to 304.
creator: Unknown, but presumably “H. L. Hulce, Treasurer of the City of Richmond, Virginia,” who swore “that the foregoing is a true list,” as described on page 305.
source: General collection, Call Number F233.69 .J3, Library of the Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
date: 1933
contributor: Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
rights: NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Acknowledgement of the Virginia Historical Society as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Controlling the Vote -- Rights. Registration. Representation. Discovery Set, Social Welfare History Image Portal Poll tax materials, Social Welfare History Image Portal Tarter, B. Poll Tax, Encyclopedia Virginia

Laws of Virginia with Regard to Women Contrasted with Laws Where Women Vote [Equal Suffrage League handbill]
description: This sheet compares Virginia laws pertaining to women with those of states where female suffrage already had been approved. Arranged in two contrasting columns, the sheet presents twelve points and includes an Equal Suffrage League of Virginia enrollment form on the second page. Laws covered include those relating to property rights, inheritance, and parental guardianship. The League was founded in 1909 and included prominent women such as Adèle Clark, Ellen Glasgow, Mary Johnston, Mary-Cooke Munford, Nora Houston, and Lila Meade Valentine (the league’s first president). After a decade of failure to convince Virginia’s representatives that women should have the vote, the League switched focus to winning Congressional passage of the Nineteenth Amendment.
creator: Equal Suffrage League of Virginia
source: Rare Books, Call Number JK1901 .L42 1910z, Library of the Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
date: 1910s
contributor: Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
rights: NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Acknowledgement of the Virginia Historical Society as a source is requested.

Voting Status of Negroes in Virginia and Procedures and Requirements for Voting in Virginia
description: This 1944 booklet is the Virginia Voters League’s fifth annual report. The League began in 1941 and worked with the NAACP in advocating for increased African American participation at the polls. It was led by Luther P. Jackson, an historian and civil rights advocate who formed the Petersburg League of Negro Voters in 1935, which developed into the Virginia Voters League. The booklet details African American voting strength and includes instructions for voter registration. At this time in Virginia, the payment of a poll tax for three consequtive years was a requirement for voting. The booklet notes that in 1943, the number of blacks who met the poll tax requirement was 32,504. That number increased to 41,579 in 1944. Nevertheless, those numbers represent only 9 to 11 per cent of Virginia blacks of voting age, or expressed another way, about 89 per cent of blacks were disqualified from voting in 1944. Excerpts: Title page: "With grant-in-aid of publication by the Virginia State Teachers Association, Virginia branches of the N.A.A.C.P., Virginia lodges of Elks, the Eureka Lodge of Norfolk, Virginia chapters of Greek letter fraternities and sororities, and the Virginia Negro Organization Society." p. 4 Foreward This fifth annual report of the Virginia Voters League defines the voting status of Negroes in Virginia as of May 7, 1944, the last day for paying the poll tax in order to have voted in the ensuing August primary and the November election. In order to satisfy the demand for a statement of voting requirements in Virginia and other states this handbook devotes a section to this topic also. To all persons who seek to advance the political status of Negroes and to observe racial trends on suffrage in Virginia this publication may serve as a guide. The compiler of this report is again deeply indebted to the 124 county and city court clerks in Virginia for furnishing the data on poll tax paying either by letter or by sending the poll tax list itself. Every county and c…
creator: Jackson, Luther P. Virginia Voters League
source: General collection, JK1929.V8 V8 1944, Library of the Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
date: 1944
contributor: Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
rights: NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Acknowledgement of the Virginia Historical Society as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Controlling the Vote -- Rights. Registration. Representation. Discovery Set, Social Welfare History Image Portal Dennis, M. Luther Porter Jackson (1892–1950). Encyclopedia Virginia "Va. highway marker honors creators of Virginia Voters League in Petersburg" The Progress-Index Poll tax, Social Welfare History Image Portal

Suffrajests [handbill]
description: Anti-suffrage broadside poking fun at the woman suffrage movement. Filled with puns and inside jokes, the source and precise meaning of this publication are uncertain. Notes: The Square Deal was President Theodore Roosevelt's domestic program. The "hatchet" refers to Carrie Nation, the radical temperance activist. The "wets" (and "drys") were the two sides on the issue of prohibition. Some of the puns refer to foods made from corn: grits and hominy. Postum is a coffee substitute made from roasted wheat and molasses. Paradise Lost is an epic poem written by John Milton. The poem is divided into twelve sections known as "books." A "canto" is another word for the sections into which some long poems are divided. The History of Woman Suffrage quotes a line from Paradise Lost, "All is not lost: the unconquerable will is ours." The Masses was a richly illustrated socialist magazine, published monthly from 1911 until 1917. Excerpts: SUFFRAJESTS If our husbands' socks are full of holes, Our holier duty is at the polls.... We didn't need the "hatchet"--we've got the "Club." Hurrah! Put your bets on the suffragettes. If you'll back them up they'll uphold the "wets." That's a stand off. We don't believe in "force"--it isn't what its "cracked up" to be. "Hominy" is better, and somes "grit" is necessary. You see, we "acknowledge the corn." (This isn't a cereal story.); if it were we'd "postum" up and raise some electioneering dough. Our road isn't all "peaches and cream," but we hope to get our desserts some day.... We are truly yours by a large majority, THE SUFFRAJESTS
source: Henry S. Wallerstein and Clara Ullman Wallerstein Collection, Beth Ahabah Museum & Archives
contributor: Beth Ahabah Museum & Archives
rights: NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Anti-suffrage materials, Social Welfare History Image Portal

Partners! [editorial cartoon by William Kemp Starrett]
description: Editorial cartoon by William Kemp Starrett published in The Knickerbocker Press. Image Description: An anthropomorphized can of Impure Milk shakes hand with a grinning undertaker and says, "Hello, Old Man! How's business?" Beneath the cartoon is the caption, "Partners!" In New York during the 1850s the Swill Milk scandal was a major adulterated food catastophe. An estimated 8,000 infants were killed in a single year. In 1858, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper exposed the sale of adulterated milk to unsuspecting consumers. These revelations would lead to the creation of city park dairies and milk stations. Eventually, the problem of contaminated milk throughout the nation would be recognized and food safety regulations enacted.
creator: Starrett, William Kemp
source: Cartoons Magazine, vol. 3, no. 4 (April 1913), p.238. Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1913 April
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Acknowledgement of VCU Libraries as the source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Bad Milk Poison to Babies, Expert Warns Mothers. The evening world. (New York, N.Y.), 03 July 1913. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress. Ehrlich, K. and Johnson C. (2018). Got Milk (Regulations)? NYC Department of Records & Information Services. Swill Milk Scandal, Wikipedia. The Man Who Learned. Educational film about impure milk produced in cooperation with the New York Milk Committee. The New York Milk Committee Preaches Pure Milk by Moving Pictures. History Engine. The Y.M.C.A. Now Gives Instruction in English. Many Institutions Are Recognizing the Educational Value of the Movie Picture Film. The sun. (New York [N.Y.]), 01 June 1913. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Library of Congress. Paynter, L. (1930 August 31). Artists Who Wed Upset Popular Ideas. Brooklyn Daily Eagle republished in Stripper's Guilde (2012 March 9).

The Food Adulterator [editorial cartoon by Ding Darling]
description: Editorial cartoon by Jay Norwood "Ding" Darling published in the New York Globe. Image Description: A wealthy businessman sits counting his money among the gravestones of children who died from the impure, tainted food that he sold.
creator: Darling, Jay Norwood
source: Cartoons Magazine, vol. 3, no. 4 (April 1913), p.238. Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1913
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Acknowledgement of VCU Libraries as the source is requested.

Fall In! [editorial cartoon by Fred O. Seibel]
description: Editorial cartoon by Fred O. Seibel for The Knickerbocker Press. Mounted and identified as no. 1312. The cartoon relates to the War Adjusted Compensation Act (Bonus Act) of May 19, 1924. This act granted a benefit (bonus) to veterans of military service during World War I. President Calvin Coolidge vetoed the act, but his veto was overridden by Congress. The Act provided for deferred payments in the form of certificates to most veterans. The certificates were to be redeemed in 1945. With the advent of the Great Depression, a large number of veterans would seek immediate cash redemption of these certificates. A group of these veterans and supporters, known as the Bonus Army, would gather in Washington, D.C. in 1932. Image Description: An "Ex-service man" holding an empty mess kit stands outside a Bonus Mess Tent where other veterans are lining up. The Ex-service man says, "There's that mess call again! Wonder if they will fool us this time? I'm getting pretty blamed hungry!" Seibel's "Moses Crow," dressed in uniform says, "When do we eat?"
creator: Seibel, Fred O.
source: M 23, Box 3, cartoon No. 1312, Frederick Otto Seibel papers, 1882-1968. James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries.
date: 1924
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: COPYRIGHT UNDETERMINED The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/

A 100 Per Cent Opinion! [editorial cartoon by Fred O. Seibel]
description: Editorial cartoon by Fred O. Seibel for The Knickerbocker Press. Mounted and identified as no. 929. The cartoon was created in April 1920 after duly-elected assemblymen were expelled from the New York State Assembly. The Speaker of the Senate at the time was Republican Thaddeus C. Sweet. The socialist lawmakers were August Claessens and Louis Waldman of Manhattan; Charles Solomon of Brooklyn; and Samuel Orr and Samuel A. DeWitt of the Bronx. Image Description: Thaddeus C. Sweet sits at a desk covered in papers. Charles E. Hughes addresses Speaker Sweet saying, "I deeply regret the action of the Assembly in suspending five members of the Socialist Party who were duly elected. Are Socialists, unconvicted of crime, to be denied the ballot? If Socialists are permitted to vote, are they not permitted to vote for their own candidates?" In the lower left corner "Moses Crow" says, "The people still believe in the ballot box!"
source: M 23, Box 3, cartoon no. 929, Frederick Otto Seibel papers, 1882-1968. James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries.
date: 1920
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/ Please acknowledge VCU Libraries as a source.
relation: Learn more: Confessore, Nicholas (2009 October 21) When the Assembly Expelled Socialists For Disloyalty The New York Times.

The Tertium Quid! [editorial cartoon by Fred O. Seibel]
description: Editorial cartoon by Fred O. Seibel for The Knickerbocker Press. Mounted and identified as no. 843. Image Description: Capital, Labor, and The Public sit at a table as Uncle Sam raises his eyebrows and appears worried. Labor is big and brawny. Capital wears a suit and spats. The public is presented as a child in a tall chair. A sign on the wall reads "Conference of Capital, Labor and the Public." A "tertium quid" is a third thing that is undefined but is related to two definite or known things.
creator: Seibel, Fred O.
source: M 23, Box 3, cartoon no. 843, Frederick Otto Seibel papers, 1882-1968. James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries.
date: 1919 - 1922
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/ Please acknowledge VCU Libraries as a source.

Occupations for Women. A Study Made for the Southern Woman's Educational Alliance.
description: Orie Latham Hatcher, Ph.D. was head of the Bureau of Vocations in Virginia, a group founded in 1915. Dr. Hatcher and the work of the Bureau of Vocations was described in The Virginia Teacher (vol. 2, no. 5, p. 128): "She is the head of a unique institution, the Bureau of Vocation of Virginia, which was founded six years ago in Richmond, under her inspiration. This institution exerts a strong educational influence. It inspires women first, to the best general education possible, then to adequate special training in some one field of work wisely chosen." Occupations for Women contains a preliminary essay written by Hatcher entitled "Women Who Work," in which Hatcher presents the various points of view related to women working outside the home at different stages of life. Towards the end of the essay, Hatcher describes "Signs of Progress" and "Handicaps to Progress." Excerpts from that essay, and the introduction to the section of the book dealing with Social Work, are presented here.
creator: Hatcher, Orie Latham, editor
source: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
publisher: Southern Woman's Educational Alliance
date: 1927
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: IN COPYRIGHT This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Bureau of Vocations for Women, September 1915. (Woman’s Occupational Bureau), Social Welfare History Project War Open Up New Fields For Women's Endeavor...Vocations Bureau is Active. Richmond times-dispatch. (Richmond, Va.), 01 July 1917. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Library of Congress. Professional Building for Women is Unique. Richmond times-dispatch. (Richmond, Va.), 11 August 1918. Historic American Newspapers. Library of Congress. See also the location 210 E. Grace St., Richmond, Va. Willard, Frances E. (1897). Occupations for Women.

[Working Woman. Fred O. Seibel editorial cartoon, 1922]
description: Editorial cartoon created by Fred O. Seibel in 1922, and published in The Knickerbocker Press. Mounted and identified as no. 1503. Image Description: A smiling woman sits at her office typewriter, grateful that she is not doing manual labor on the farm.
creator: Seibel, Fred O.
source: M 23, Box 3, cartoon no. 1503, Frederick Otto Seibel papers, 1882-1968. James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries.
date: 1922
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/ Please acknowledge VCU Libraries as a source.
relation: Learn more: Women Working, 1800-1930. Harvard Digital Collections Data and statistics. Women's Bureau. U. S. Department of Labor Women by occupation. Wikipedia Category

Dig In! [editorial cartoon by Fred O. Seibel]
description: Editorial cartoon in support of the Salvation Army Home Service Fund by Fred O. Seibel, published in The Knickerbocker Press, May 1919. Mounted and identified as no. 741. This Salvation Army campaign was conducted between May 19-26, 1919 to raise money to rebuild the Salvation Army after its service in World War I, and to provide for the needs of soldiers returning from war. National Doughnut Day, celebrated the first Friday of June, honors the Salvation Army members who served soldiers in World War I. In 1917, over two hundred-fifty Salvation Army volunteers went overseas to France to provide supplies and baked goods, including donuts, to American soldiers. A woman from the Salvation Army stands behind an upturned tambourine filled with coins. Text: "Dig In! Veteran: "Believe Me, If you want to come across for a worthy cause, get in on this toot sweet!" Moses Crow: "Ask the man who knows!"
source: M 23, Box 2 Frederick Otto Seibel papers, 1882-1968, James Branch Cabell Libraries, VCU Libraries
date: 1919 May
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Please acknowledge VCU Libraries as a source.
relation: Learn more: "A man may be down but he's never out!" Home Service Fund Campaign - Salvation Army - May 19-26, 1919 / / Frederick Duncan. Library of Congress The Salvation Army. Wikipedia Our history. Salvation Army website Home Service Fund (1919). Chronicling America, Library of Congress Salvation Army, Social Welfare History Image Portal

Headquarters News Letter, Vol. II, No. V, May 15, 1916. National American Woman Suffrage Association
description: Newsletter published by the National American Woman Suffrage Association. Editorial cartoon on cover by C. D. Batchelor is captioned, "IF YOU WOULD HAVE A FRIEND, BE ONE!" It shows a woman (suffrage) standing with her arms draped over a donkey (at left) and an elephant (at right). Two banners are crossed behind her: "St. Louis (walk less) Suffrage Parade" and "Chicago Suffrage Parade." The article on pp. 6-7 "All aboard for Chicago!" begins "Chicago will be the suffrage center of the United States on June 7th." The article continues, "In the parade, which promises to be the biggest ever held in the Middle West, will be delegations of women from all parts of the country, bouyantly marching behind bands of martial music and keeping step to the beat of a single thought--that of impressing upon the masculine voters of this country the necessity of having the National Republican Convention insert an equal suffrage plank in its national party platform."
creator: National American Woman Suffrage Association
source: M 9 Box 49, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1916 May 15
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/ Acknowledgment of VCU Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: National American Woman Suffrage Association, Social Welfare History Image Portal Editorial cartoons, Social Welfare History Image Portal

Girls Home, 502 W. Clay Street, Richmond, Va. [brochure]
description: This informational brochure describes "interesting facts about the object, origin and progress" of a working-girls' home for self-supporting African American women in Richmond, Va. The project, described as a technical training school, was established in 1919 as a project of the National Protective League for Negro Girls and the Richmond Neighborhood Association. Ora Brown Stokes (Perry), a social activist, was a leader in both organizations. p.1 "Our Club Home. An 'Inspiration Point' for Self-Supporting Women and Girls for 'These are they that maintain the fabric of the world, and without them is no city builded.'" From p. 2 "The object of the Girls' Home is to provide and maintain a home which will solve the problem of the colored woman and girl of good character who comes to Richmond for the purpose of advancement, often without relatives, friends, or money; to surround them with Christian influences, to elevate the standard of employment, to provide a social center for women and girls." "The Home is managed by a splendid board with Mrs. Artena J. Miller as the efficient chairman. Mrs. Alice Holmes Watkins is the splendid House mother." "Our President, who is the Probation officer for women and girls, investigated the cause for the downfall of so many girls and women who came to the city. The cause was found to be that upon entereing the city they ofttimes found no one to direct them rightly and they were often sent by strangers to questionable places for room and board and the path downward was entered before they even knew it." "It is the only one of its kind which is being carried on by women of the race. The white friends has assisted largely by financial contributions and words of encouragement....Mrs. Ora Brown Stokes, President." The song "The Clarion Call" composed by Ora B. Stokes (September 5, 1915) and dedicated to Pocahontas Camp Fire Girls, Richmond, Va. is printed on the back of this brochure. The song was to be sung to the tune of "Loyalty to Chris…
creator: Perry, Ora Brown Stokes
source: M 9 Box 37, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: COPYRIGHT UNDETERMINED The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Bonis, Ray (2019). Ora E. Brown Stokes (1882–1957). In Dictionary of Virginia Biography. Lehman, Angela (2023). Ora Brown Stokes and the Richmond Neighborhood Association, Social Welfare History Project Early social work history, Making VCU, VCU Libraries Gallery Ora Brown Stokes, Social Welfare History Image Portal

Why Should Women Vote? An Appeal to Gallant Men. [suffrage pamphlet]
description: Pro-suffrage pamphlet containing editorial cartoons by Lou Rogers, Phil Porter, and John T. McCutcheon, along with a map showing where women can vote. Excerpts: p.1 (cover) "WHY SHOULD WOMEN VOTE? This booklet contains all the OBJECTIONS to woman suffrage, their ANSWERS, and the CREAM of all that has been said or written on this subject from Moses and Plato down to Saint Paul and the year of our Lord, 1915. The map that's more than half woman suffrage already -- what's the matter with making it ALL woman suffrage? In the LIGHT States, women enjoy full suffrage. In the shaded States, women have taxation, bond, or school suffrage. In Illinois, women have Presidential, partial county and State, and municipal suffrage. In the DARK States, women have NO vote at all. AN APPEAL TO GALLANT MEN." p. 4 "Which side will get YOUR vote?... Chief Justice Green said, 'The opponents of woman suffrage in Washington find themselves allied with a solid phalanx of gamblers, pimps, prostitutes, drunkards and drunkard-makers.' When respectable people find themselves in alliance with scoundreldom, is it not worth while to stop and consider whether they have not taken their stand in the wrong company?"
source: M 9 Box 50, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1915
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.

Southern Women and the South's Race Problem
description: Pamphlet published by the Commission on Interracial Cooperation, written by Robert B. Eleazer, Educational Director. The pamphlet describes commission meetings in Memphis, Tn. and Atlanta, Ga., and the responsibility felt by southern white women (primarily church women), study and then improve the lives of black women and children in their cities. The need for day nurseries, kindergartens, clinics, playgrounds, better schools, improved housing and sanitation, safer conditions of travel, and especially the "unmeasured condemnation of lynching" are all noted. p. 2 "The purpose of this organization and its affiliated state and local committees is to bring about better understanding, justice and fair dealing between the white and colored races. The Commission believes that the white race, as the more fortunate group and the one responsible for the Negro's presence in America, is under obligation to be both just and generous toward the latter. It believes further that the welfare and even the racial integrity of the two groups can be effectively preserved in no other way."
creator: Eleazer, Robert B.
source: M 9, Box 243, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: COPYRIGHT UNDETERMINED The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Pullen, Ann Ellis (2013). "Commission on Interracial Cooperation" New Georgia Encyclopedia. Commission on Interracial Cooperation, Social Welfare History Image Portal

Meet Death [public safety pamphlet]
description: 1950 public safety pamphlet containing "actual scenes photographed by Cincinnati Police Department." The images of automobile accidents resulting in death, remind the reader of the serious consequences of careless driving. Text inside back cover: "These pictures are the end result of minor traffic violations by selfish drivers and pedestrians. The daily slaughter of humans is unnecessary. Stamp out this killing. REMEMBER The life you save -- may be your own."
creator: Greater Cincinnati Safety Council
source: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1950
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: IN COPYRIGHT This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
relation: Learn more: The Rhetoric of Fear, Discovery Set, Social Welfare History Image Portal

Virginia Anti-Saloon League State Law-Enforcement Convention. February 1-2, 1922. Program and Invitation
description: Program for the Virginia Anti-Saloon League State Law-Enforcement Convention held February 1-2, 1922, and the letter that accompanied it. Letter (dated January 28, 1922) is from J. P. McConnell (James Preson McConnell), President of the Anti-Saloon League of Virginia, 1921-1928. The conference presents a mix of religious, patriotic, and legislative strategy. The governor of Virgina, E. Lee Trinkle, was scheduled to speak very briefly on the final evening.
source: M 9 Box 34, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1922 January 28
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/
relation: Learn more: The Temperance Movement, Social Welfare History Project Temperance and Prohibition. Discovery Set, Social Welfare History Image Portal What the Bottle Does. One Year's Work. Anti-Saloon League of Virginia broadside Pegram, T. R. Anti-Saloon League of Virginia, Encyclopedia of Virginia Virginia Anti-Saloon League Collection, Radford University

Virginia Conference on Race Relations, The Southern Workman, January 1931
description: This article reports on the Virginia Church Conference on Race Relations held October 28, 1930 at St. Paul's Episcopal Church in Richmond, Va. The theme of the conference was "Facing the Facts with a Christian Program." Dr. Ben Lacy, Jr. President of Union Theological Seminary, presided over the gathering of leaders of white church groups in Virginia, and representative of Virginia schools and colleges. Speakers presented findings of "The Negro in Richmond, Virgina" a study completed by the Negro Welfare Suvey Committee in 1929. Topics such as housing, education, community health and infant mortality were discussed. Other matters covered included the possible re-release of "Birth of a Nation" as a sound film, lynchings, and interracial cooperation. The Hon. John Pollard, Governor of the Commonwealth and Dr. Robert R. Moton , principal of Tuskegee Institute addressed "a great interracial mass meeting attended by a thousand prominent citizens in addition to members of the conference." (p. 7) See all the materials related to this conference.
source: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1931 January
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: IN COPYRIGHT This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Drew, W. M. (2010). The last silent picture show : silent films on American screens in the 1930s. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press. (See chapter 2). Virginia Church Conference on Interracial Relations, Social Welfare History Image Portal

Our Genius for Self-Government [editorial cartoon by Ding Darling]
description: Editorial cartoon by Ding Darling, reprinted from the New York Tribune by the New York League of Women Voters to encourage voter turnout for the 1924 presidential election. Image Description: In the top panel throngs of people line a city street. The caption reads, "The crowd that gathers when some 'human fly' announces that he will climb a skyscraper." Below two caucus leaders address a nearly empty room. The caption reads, "The crowd that gathers at the caucus which is to express the community's wish on the selection of a Presidential candidate."
creator: Darling, Jay Norwood
source: M 9 Box 81, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
publisher: New York League of Women Voters
date: 1924
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: COPYRIGHT UNDETERMINED The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Controlling the Vote -- Rights. Registration. Representation. Discovery Set, Social Welfare History Image Portal

Register! Vote!
description: Poster reprinted from Collier's encouraging qualified citizens to register and vote in the 1924 presidential election. Voter turnout that year would fall short of the 1920 count. Text: Register! Vote! Don't be a parlor patriot. Don't be a rocking-chair Paul Revere. How Qualified Citizens Voted: 1896......80% 1900......73% 1912......62% 1920......49% Let's Make 1924 the Year of the Big Vote Reprinted from Collier's, The National Weekly
source: M 9 Box 81, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: COPYRIGHT UNDETERMINED The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Controlling the Vote -- Rights. Registration. Representation. Discovery Set, Social Welfare History Image Portal

Virginia Commission on Interracial Cooperation. Officers, Executive Committee, and Members
description: List of members and the organizations they represented in the Virginia Commission on Interracial Cooperation. Dr. R.E. Blackwell was the Virginia Chairman of this group. The parent organization, the Commission on Interracial Cooperation (CIC), was based in Atlanta, Ga. Founded in 1919 by progressive Southern whites, the CIC sought to improve race relations with an anti-lynching campaign, and by educating the public about issues affecting blacks such as peonage, police brutality, and disparities in educational and health services. The group published a newsletter, The Southern Frontier.
creator: Virginia Commission on Interracial Cooperation
source: M 9 Box 81, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: COPYRIGHT UNDETERMINED The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/

Letter to Adele Clark from Mary L. Westbrook, Federal Council of Churches, April 23, 1928
description: Letter from Mary L. Westbrook (Mrs. Richard W. Westbrook), Chairman, Church Women's Committee on Race Relations, Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America, Inc. (Federal Council of Churches), sent to Adele Goodman Clark in her capacity as a representative of the National League of Women Voters at the 1926 Interracial Conference of Church Women. The letter describes a second conference planned for September 1928, and requests Clark begin planning to send delegates from the NLWV. Excerpts: "The past year and a half has disclosed problems which cause us to believe that there is need for the leaders of church women's organizations throughout the Nation to meet in conference again to discuss these problems, and to devise further plans and means of carrying forward the effective work begun so auspiciously following the epoch-making Interracial Conference of Church Women at Eagles Mere, Pa., Spetember 21-22, 1926, held by this Commission in cooperatin with the Council of Women for Home Missions and the National Board of the YWCA. This conference requested the Commission to form a Church Women's Committee on Race Relations, and this Committee, including representatives of practically every religious organization affiliated with the Federal Council of Churches, has been actively promoting parts of the program adopted at the Eagles Mere Conference. Correspondence with church women's groups in all parts of the Country has disclosed an unusual activity in race relations among them with a growing consciousness about the need of religion applied to the race problem. In many sections local committees were already in existence or have been formed; regional conferences in the Philadelphia and Chicago areas have been held with fruitful results." See all documents related to the Interracial Conference of Church Women.
creator: Westbrook, Mary L.
source: M 9 Box 81, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1928 April 23
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: COPYRIGHT UNDETERMINED The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Adams, B. L. (2016). Black women's Christian activism. Seeking social justice in a northern suburb. New York: New York University Press. Interracial Conference of Church Women, Social Welfare History Image Portal

Church Women Explore Interracial Paths, Federal Council Bulletin, September-October, 1926
description: Pages 7-8 (front and back) removed from Federal Council Bulletin, September-October, 1926. The article, "Church Women Explore Interracial Paths," details an interracial conference held on September 21-22, 1926 at Eagles Mere, Pa. The conference was organized by the Commission on the Church and Race Relations of the Federal Council of Churchs, the Council of Women for Home Missions, and the National Board of the Y.W.C.A. It was attended by delegates from numerous denominations and organizations. Adele Clark of Richmond, Va. attended representing the National League of Women Voters. The object of the conference, according to the chair Mrs. Richard W. Westbrook (Mary L. Westbrook), was "(1) To enlarge the scope of interracial thinking and to enlist the women of the churches more actively in plans and programs for improving the relations between the white and colored groups in America; (2) To discuss methods of better interracial organization through churches and their auxiliaries so that women may more effectively act on local interracial conditions; (3) To exchange concrete experiences from groups of women that have already attempted to carry out interracial programs; (4) To study the past experience of organizations that have done such work, to learn both from the sucesses and failures of such efforts how best to proceed in the future; (5) To understand better the present trend of feeling and opinion in race relations that the Churches may more effectively work for interracial goodwill and cooperation." See all documents related to the conference.
creator: Federal Council of Churches
source: M 9 Box 81, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1926 September-October
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: COPYRIGHT UNDETERMINED The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Adams, B. L. (2016). Black women's Christian activism. Seeking social justice in a northern suburb. New York: New York University Press. Interracial Conference of Church Women, Social Welfare History Image Portal