Exchange for Woman's Work - Interior, Richmond, Va.
description: Photograph of the interior of the Richmond Exchange for Woman's Work, 203 East Franklin Street, Richmond, Va. The Richmond Exchange for Woman’s Work, founded in 1883, part of the Woman’s Exchange movement that began in Philadelphia in 1832. The Association was begun by women "to aid ladies whose pecuniary circumstances require them to make their own handiwork a means of their support, and also to afford an opportunity by which work may be sold for charitable purposes." The Richmond Exchange operated until 1955.
creator: unknown
source: MSC0037-Photo, The Valentine.
date: c. 1930
contributor: The Valentine
rights: COPYRIGHT NOT EVALUATED The copyright and related rights status of this Item has not been evaluated. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Sander, K. W. (1998). The Business of charity: The woman's exchange movement, 1832-1900. Urbana: University of Illinois Jones, D. G. (2001). A box lunch. Richmond, Va.: D. Jones. Federation of Woman's Exchanges Richmond Exchange for Woman's Work, Social Welfare History Image Portal

Imperial Palace, Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, Atlanta, GA [postcard]
description: Postcard showing Imperial Palace, Stone Mountain, GA surrounded by seven Klansmen brandishing torches, mounted on horseback. A portrait of William Joseph Simmons, founder and leader of the second Ku Klux Klan, appears at upper right corner. Portrait caption: "Col. W. J. Simmons, Founder and Imperial Wizard." Text: "Imperial Palace, Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, Atlanta, GA. Stone Mountain, Largest Solid Stone in the World, one mile from Base to Summit. On its highest pinnacle the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan Oranized at Midnight, Nov. 25th, 1915." On reverse: "Published by a Klansman" --- The birth of the second Ku Klux Klan was partly inspired by D. W. Griffith's 1915 film, The Birth of a Nation. The face of Stone Mountain became the site of the Confederate Memorial Carving, the largest bas-relief sculpture in the world. This bas-relief depicts the three Confederate leaders of the Civil War: President Jefferson Davis and Generals Robert E. Lee and Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson. The sculptor was Gutzon Borglum, whose next major project was Mount Rushmore. In his "I Have A Dream" speech (28 August 1963), Martin Luther King, Jr. invoked the imagery of "My Country 'Tis of Thee" saying, Let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia. Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee. Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi. From every mountainside, let freedom ring.
source: M 172 Box 1, Calvin T. Lucy papers, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Backlash to Reform: Hatred and Extremism, Social Welfare History Image Portal Martin Luther King, Jr., Social Welfare History Image Portal Ku Klux Klan, Social Welfare History Image Portal Mapping the Second Ku Klux Klan, 1915-1940, Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries New York World Expose of the Ku Klux Klan, Wikipedia Ku Klux Klan, New York 1921. Chronicling America. Historic American Newspapers. Library of Congress White supremacy, Social Welfare History Image Portal

American Association for Labor Legislation [membership solicitation card]
description: Membership solicitation card published by the American Association for Labor Legislation. One side has an editorial cartoon by Gordon Grant, republished from Better Times, a New York welfare magazine. It shows a family standing under an arch in which the keystone (labelled "Employment") is slipping out. If the keystone falls, the family will be crushed. Excerpts: Security of Employment for the Breadwinner. The only basis of Sound Social Action. Help the Keystone Hold! Other side-- Purpose: To improve industrial conditions that needlessly involve loss of life, health and productivity of workers; and to obtain uniform labor laws in the interest of the whole community. This Association is an instrument with which men and women are accomplishing, cooperatively, what they could not hope to do individually.
source: M 9 Box 98, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: COPYRIGHT UNDETERMINED The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/
relation: Learn more: We're Home--Now What? National World War I Museum and Memorial exhibit

Eugenics in Relation to the New Family and the Law on Racial Integrity.
description: Eugenics in Relation to the New Family and the Law on Racial Integrity. Including a paper read before the American Public Health Association. Pamphlet created by W. A. Plecker, M.D., Virginia state registrar of vital statistics from 1912 to 1946. Plecker was an advocate of eugenics and white supremacy. He used Virginia's Act to Protect Racial Integrity (1924) to remove legal recognition of Native Americans in the state, instead classifying them as "colored." The Act to Protect Racial Integrity remained in effect until 1967 when it was overturned in the landmark case, Loving v. Virginia. Pamphlet sections: Introduction Eugenics Virginia's Attempt to Adjust the Color Problem (Read before the American Public Health Association, at Detroit, October 23, 1924.) An Act to Preserve Racial Integrity Appendix
creator: Plecker, W. A. (Walter Ashby Plecker)
source: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries
publisher: Bureau of Vital Statistics, State Board of Health, Richmond, Va.
date: 1925
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries
rights: NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Eugenics, Social Welfare History Image Portal White supremacy, Social Welfare History Image Portal Race, Social Welfare History Image Portal Heim, J. (2015 July, 1). How a long-dead white supremacist still threatens the future of Virginia’s Indian tribes. The Washington Post. State Recognized Tribes, Secretary of the Commonwealth. Virginia Indians. Albiges, M. (2018 October, 4). Virginia’s Indian tribes celebrate federal recognition. Associated Press. Richmond School of Social Economy, First Annual Announcement, 1917-1918. Bulletin No. 1, Social Welfare History Image Portal

The Rights of the People -- Women Are People. Suffrage Victory Map [ESL of Virginia / NAWSA broadside]
description: This broadside has a map at top that shows the extent of woman suffrage across the United States. At this time, women could vote in presidential elections in some states; in municipal elections in others; and only with regard to school bond and tax matters in others. The lower half of the broadside is titled "VIRGINIA WOMEN WANT THE VOTE." The text was created by the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia. It argues that two out of three women across the state, in both rural and urban location, are suffragists. "Virginia women who are asking for enfranchisement are BY NO MEANS A SMALL MINORITY." "The child and the home are the greatest assets of the nation. The Farmer's Wife is his working partner. She helps him to pay taxes on roads and schools. She should have the right on where and how these roads and schools are built; to elect the school trustees who determine what her children shall be taught." "Virginia wives and mothers should vote upon public health laws and moral laws which vitally affect the welfare of the family." The broadside then addresses the argument that a federal amendment permitting women to vote will increase the voting power of African Americans in the south. With the Civil War and Reconstruction only fifty-four years in the past, the southern states were against any federal law reducing their right to control who could vote. The ESL makes the argument that the states' power to levy poll taxes, have residency requirements, and require that voters be able to read and write will be sufficient. "Whte Supremacy. There is now no negro domination under male suffrage in the counties in Virginia where white people are in the minority, and there will be no negro domination with men and women voting." The broadside also argues that women are conservative voters, so woman suffrage will not increase the socialist vote.
source: M 9 Box 233, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: c. 1919
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/ Acknowledgment of VCU Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Suffrage, Social Welfare History Image Portal Discovery Set: Woman Suffrage, Social Welfare History Image Portal Discovery Set: Annotating Suffrage, Social Welfare History Image Portal Discovery Set: The Anti-Suffrage Movement, Social Welfare History Image Portal

Richmond School of Social Economy, First Annual Announcement, 1917-1918. Bulletin No. 1
description: First Bulletin of the Richmond School of Social Economy. This school would change names at several points in its history, becoming the School of Social Work and Public Health, the Richmond Professional Institute, and, after merging with the Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University. Stamped on cover: "Name changed from Richmond School of Social Economy to Virginia School of Social Work." Address also changed with a stamp from "6-8 North 6th Street" to "1112 Capitol St." Richmond, VA. This bulletin describes the classes, curriculum, and field work offerred by the new Richmond School of Social Economy along three tracks: general, public health nursing, and recreation. Entrance requirements, registration, fees, scholarships, library facilities, board and other matters are outlined. The names of the Board of Directors, Administrative Officers, Faculty and Special Lecturers are listed. An advertisement for the first term declared: "Usual Opportunities Offerred For specialization in Public Health Nursing, Church Work, Medical Social Work, Juvenile Court and Playground Work." Field work in the first year included the Virginia Home and Industrial School for Girls, a reform school in Bon Air, Va. The superintendent, Anna M. Petersen taught eugenics at the RSSE. --- Transcriptions of Richmond Times-Dispatch articles describing the events surrounding the establishment of the school may be found at the Social Welfare History Project. These describe the period from October 1916, when serious conversations about starting a school began to be reported in the press, to July 1917 when Howard H. Hibbs, began as the school's first director. The efforts of Richmond and Petersburg citizens such as Orie Latham Hatcher, Virginia McKenney (later Claiborne), Father Charles Hannigan, Nannie Minor, the Rev. J. T. Mastin, May Lansfield Keller, Katherine H. Hawes, the Rev. H. C. D. Maclachlan, and Agnes Randolph were important in the movement from felt need, to the idea of a…
creator: Richmond School of Social Economy
source: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries
date: 1917
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries
rights: NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Virginia Home and Industrial School for Girls, Social Welfare History Project Richmond School of Social Economy - Beginnings. October 1916 - July 1917. Social Welfare History Project Richmond School of Social Economy. Opening Term. Fall 1917. Social Welfare History Project

Kate Waller Barrett [photograph]
description: Photographic portrait of Kate Waller Barrett. Barrett was one of the first women medical doctors in the south. She co-founded the National Florence Crittenton Mission with Charles Nelson Crittenton. The organization focused on the needs of unwed mothers and prostitutes ("fallen women"). Barrett was instrumental in helping unwed mothers become an acceptable subject of philanthropy.
source: M 9 Box 239, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: COPYRIGHT UNDETERMINED The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Kate Waller Barrett, Social Welfare History Project Florence Crittenton Mission, Social Welfare History Project Kate Waller Barrett, Social Welfare History Image Portal

Virginia Suffrage News, vol. 1, no. 2, November 1914
description: A publication of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia. The ESL formed in November 1909 in Richmond, Va. Lila Meade Valentine served as the first president. Adele Goodman Clark, Nora Houston, Ellen Glasgow, Mary Johnston, Kate Waller Barrett, and Kate Langley Bosher were among the approximately 20 women who founded the group. In 1910, Ellen Gertrude Kidd, owner of "Pin Money Pickles" became treasurer of the ESL. An advertisement for Pin Money Pickles appears on p. 16 of this issue.
creator: Equal Suffrage League of Virginia
source: M 9 Box 56, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1914 November
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/ Acknowledgment of VCU Libraries as a source is requested.

Virginia Suffrage News, vol. 1, no.3, December 1914
description: A publication of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia. The ESL formed in November 1909 in Richmond, Va. Lila Meade Valentine served as the first president. Adele Goodman Clark, Nora Houston, Ellen Glasgow, Mary Johnston, Kate Waller Barrett, and Kate Langley Bosher were among the approximately 20 women who founded the group. In 1910, Ellen Gertrude Kidd, owner of "Pin Money Pickles" became treasurer of the ESL.
creator: Equal Suffrage League
source: M 9 Box 56, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1914 December
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/ Acknowledgment of VCU Libraries as a source is requested.

Planks from the Suffrage Platform --as Stated by Mrs. C. C. Catt [anti-suffrage handbill]
description: Anti-suffrage handbill uses quotations to make its case that woman suffrage supports racial equality and will lead to intermarriage, advances feminist views, is unpatriotic and does not support the war effort or the Constitution of the United States. The Equal Suffrage League of Virginia and the Equal Suffrage League of Richmond are both named. The writer of the handbill asks, "Is our Constitution another scrap of paper? Do YOU endorse these doctrines?"
source: M 9 Box 233, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries
rights: NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/ Acknowledgement of VCU Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Discovery Set: The Anti-Suffrage Movement, Social Welfare History Image Portal

Permit granted to Equal Suffrage League of Virginia to hold public meetings in the street, June 23, 1915.
description: Permit issued by the Mayor of Richmond, Va. allowing the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia to hold public meetings on the streets and in the parks of the city. On May 1, 1915, the ESL were denied permission to speak on city streets by Mayor Ainslie, on the grounds that, while there was no law forbidding them to speak, neither was there one that allowed him to grant them a permit. The women proceeded to give speeches from inside an automobile. The event was documented and reported by the Richmond Times-Dispatch on May, 2, 1915. Photographs from the May 1 rally may be found in the Social Welfare History Image Portal.
source: M 9 Box 233, Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849 - 1978, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1915 June 23
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/ Acknowledgment of VCU Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Suffrage, Social Welfare History Image Portal Suffrage at 100. A visual history. New York Times. Wheeler, M. (1992). Mary Johnston, Suffragist. The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, 100(1), 99-118.

Does the Bible Teach the Equality of Men and Women?
description: This document is a single sheet of paper printed on both sides. The essay, "Does the Bible Teach the Equality of Men and Women?" was written by Mrs. Milton McNeilan (Clarabel James McNeilan) a member of the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage, and State Organizer of the West Virginia Equal Suffrage Association, 1914-15. Excerpts: In the first chapter of Genesis we are told that after the other things were created “God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them.” And he said, “Let them dominion over the fish of the sea, the foul [sic] of the air, “ etc. But he did not say that ONE WAS TO HAVE DOMINION OVER THE OTHER. There is not a suggestion of this…. “It was not until after the fall of man that the curse was pronounced the material curse for the man, bondage for the woman. …” In all Christ’s teachings we do not find even a suggestion of an “inferior sex....” Those who read the Bible intelligently, and understand the history of that period, will see that the place where it seems to teach the subjection and inequality of women, merely pertain to ancient Oriental customs and traditions, and are not the teachings of Christ. There is absolutely nothing in the latter to indicate that He would prohibit women from having a share in the government, merely because they are women. These accounts of ancient customs and traditions do not apply to women of today and more than they do to men of today, and have nothing to do with Christianity, as Christ taught it. If we are followers of Christ let us teach and quote Christ, who taught justice and equality for all, as well as an all embracing love, ‘love the fulfilling of the law.’ That is Christianity and what we should get from the Bible. (Reprinted from the Suffrage Edition of Atlantic City Review, October 12, 1915.) Leaflets may be obtained from The Parkersburg Equal Suffrage Association at 5c per dozen. Printed in The City Print Shop, Parkersburg, by a Union Printer
creator: McNeilan, Mrs. Milton (Clarabel James McNeilan, b. 1872)
source: M 9 Box 233 oversize, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/ Acknowledgment of VCU Libraries as a source is requested.

A Practical Approach to the Race Problem. Origin and Work of the Commission on Interracial Cooperation.
description: A pamphlet explaining the origin and mission of the Commission on Interracial Cooperation, an organization founded in January, 1919 in Atlanta. The group sought to further "mutual understanding, peace, and good will" between the white and black communities. The group opposed lynching and mob violence, and sought to improve interracial attitudes, correct injustices and improve conditions affecting African Americans. The CIC was a moderate group that called itself a "movement" instead of an organization. "The philosophy of the movement is not that of 'seeking to solve the race problem,' but simply that of taking the next practicable step in the direction of interracial justice and good will" (p. 4).
creator: Commission on Interracial Cooperation
source: Race Relations Pamphlets, Special Collections, William Smith Morton Library, Union Presbyterian Seminary
date: 1939 October
contributor: Union Presbyterian Seminary Library
rights: Copyright Undetermined. The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Commission on Interracial Cooperation, Social Welfare History Image Portal Pullen, Ann Ellis (2013). "Commission on Interracial Cooperation" New Georgia Encyclopedia.

Burnt Cork and Crime
description: Pamphlet published by the Commission on Interracial Cooperation, an organization which opposed lynching and promoted interracial dialogue and cooperation. Described on the cover as "stories summarized from press reports," the pamphlets relates incidents in which crimes were committed by persons posing as African Americans. These imposters blackened their faces and hands with burnt cork. Other stories describe false accusations by whites, and often white women, against black men. Excerpt from p.1 "In St. Louis some time ago a robber caught with blackened face stated that there was an organized group of white bandits who always operated under the mask of color. In this way, he said, it was easy to fool the officers, and in some cases even to assist in the search for the suspected Negro and 'identify' him when caught." p. 6 "The meaning is obvious, however, as it relates to hasty judgment, hysteria, mob violence, and the assumption that every Negro is guilty who anybody seeks to accuse. It suggests also that the statistics of Negro crime, now happily changing for the better, might be further lightened if all the facts were known and the mask of color torn away."
creator: Commission on Interracial Cooperation
source: Race Relations Pamphlets, Special Collections, William Smith Morton Library, Union Presbyterian Seminary
contributor: Union Presbyterian Seminary Library
rights: Copyright Undetermined. The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Commission on Interracial Cooperation, Social Welfare History Image Portal Pullen, Ann Ellis (2013). "Commission on Interracial Cooperation" New Georgia Encyclopedia.

Popular Fallacies About Race Relations
description: A pamphlet addressing resistance from white Americans to racial integration. Written by the Educational Director of the Commission on Interracial Cooperation. The writer, Robert B. Eleazer, refutes the "Curse of Ham" as a justification for slavery or servitude. He also argues against popular fallacies such as "the Negro is all right in his place;" "no genuine Negro ever showed real intelligence or abillity;" "the Negro has no worthy part in American history;" "Negroes want to break down the social line between the races;" and the idea of racial superiority. Excerpt: "Nobody knows which is the superior race--or whether there be one. All we can say is that we differ in physical characteristics and in degree and kind of development....It behooves us all to be humble; to remember that we are all human beings, with mutual obligations of respect and good will."
creator: Eleazer, Robert B.
source: Race Relations Pamphlets, Special Collections, William Smith Morton Library, Union Presbyterian Seminary
publisher: Commission on Interracial Cooperation
contributor: Union Presbyterian Seminary Library
rights: Copyright Undetermined. The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Commission on Interracial Cooperation, Social Welfare History Image Portal Pullen, Ann Ellis (2013). "Commission on Interracial Cooperation" New Georgia Encyclopedia.

[Virginia Public Health disease prevention illustration]
description: A public health graphic created to educate the public about avoiding the spread of disease. Published in the Virginia Health Bulletin in 1918 during the Spanish flu pandemic.
creator: Rostrup, Carl Johann
source: Virginia Health Bulletin Health Sciences Library, VCU Libraries
contributor: Tompkins-McCaw Library for the Health Sciences, VCU Libraries
rights: This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Influenza Catechism (1918), Virginia Health Bulletin, (X,10). Influenza, Social Welfare History Image Portal Public health, Social Welfare History Image Portal

National Busing Report, Vol. 1, No. 11, October 1972
description: This is a publication of the anti-busing Save Our Neighborhood Schools, Inc., (SONS) organization. In the 1970 case, Bradley v. Richmond School Board, Judge Robert Merhige, Jr., ordered limited citywide busing in order to integrate Richmond, Virginia, schools, resulting in further white flight. Opposition from white parents was fierce and organized, as evidenced by groups such as SONS. Merhige's decision was overturned on June 6, 1972 by the U.S. Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals, which was affirmed a year later in the U.S. Supreme Court. The Court subsequently invalidated most busing across city-county boundaries and, unable to counteract white flight, many city schools again became overwhelmingly black. The trend continued through the late-twentieth century, and Richmond neighborhoods were more racially segregated in 1980 than in 1960. Detail from page 3: editorial cartoon by Jack Knox, reprinted from the Nashville Banner
creator: Save Our Neighborhood Schools, Inc.
source: General collection, Call Number L11 .N5, and General collection, Call Number L11 .S5, Library of the Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
publisher: Save Our Neighborhood Schools, Inc.
date: 1972 October
contributor: Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
rights: NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Acknowledgement of the Virginia Historical Society as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Busing, Social Welfare History Image Portal 3,300 Autos Driven To Capital in Protest, The New York Times, February 18, 1972. Pratt, Robert A. The Color of Their Skin: Education and Race in Richmond, Virginia, 1954-89. The Conscience of Virginia: Judge Robert R. Merhige, Jr., and the Politics of School Desegregation Bradley v. School Board of City of Richmond, Virginia, 338 F. Supp. 67 (E.D. Va. 1972)

S.O.N.S. Newsletter, January 22, 1972
description: This newsletter is a publication of the anti-busing Save Our Neighborhood Schools, Inc., (SONS) organization. A subscription form listing the Board of Directors for SONS is also shown. In the 1970 case, Bradley v. Richmond School Board, Judge Robert Merhige, Jr., ordered limited citywide busing in order to integrate Richmond, Virginia, schools, resulting in further white flight. Opposition from white parents was fierce and organized, as evidenced by groups such as SONS. Merhige's decision was overturned on June 6, 1972 by the U.S. Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals, which was affirmed a year later in the U.S. Supreme Court. The Court subsequently invalidated most busing across city-county boundaries and, unable to counteract white flight, many city schools again became overwhelmingly black. The trend continued through the late-twentieth century, and Richmond neighborhoods were more racially segregated in 1980 than in 1960. From the Subscription Form: "Dedicated to the preservation of the neighborhood school concept in the education of our young people." Board of Directors William F. Haskins, President Board Members J. Hunter Ames James W. Meador, Jr. Jaqueline Gary Kenneth A. Huhn J. Earl Gerringer Ernestine Gilpin Jerome Hake Herbert Thornton
creator: Save Our Neighborhood Schools, Inc.
source: General collection, Call Number L11 .N5, and General collection, Call Number L11 .S5, Library of the Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
date: 1972 January 22
contributor: Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
rights: NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Acknowledgement of the Virginia Historical Society as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Hayter, J. (2017). The Dream is Lost: Voting Rights and the Politics of Race in Richmond, Virginia. Busing, Social Welfare History Image Portal 3,300 Autos Driven To Capital in Protest, The New York Times, February 18, 1972. Pratt, Robert A. The Color of Their Skin: Education and Race in Richmond, Virginia, 1954-89. The Conscience of Virginia: Judge Robert R. Merhige, Jr., and the Politics of School Desegregation Bradley v. School Board of City of Richmond, Virginia, 338 F. Supp. 67 (E.D. Va. 1972)

Classroom Desegregation Will Never Work [broadside]
description: This broadside asserts “there is a basic, inherent mental difference between the races,” citing IQ tests and a booklet by Henry E. Garrett, How Classroom Desegregation Will Work (1966). Henry Garrett was at the forefront of a resurgence of racial pseudoscience in the mid-twentieth century. He argued for segregation in Davis v. County School Board (one of the cases in Brown v. Board), compiled a pamphlet of his essays for the white supremacist Citizens’ Council, and his views were used to forward the work of other eugenicists. Excerpts: That is why Classroom Desegregation will never work: There is a basic, inherent mental difference between the races. If you mix the classrooms and gear the standards to Negroes, you deny White children their optimum chance. If you gear the standards to White mentality, you develop frustrations on the part of Negroes, with subsequent antagonisms, drop-outs, and "delinquencies...." Race differences, as an issue, is the overriding problem of our time. These differences are something too few of us know about. Now is the time to learn, before it is too late. If you know what you are talking about, you can help defeat Black Power. Only the truth will keep us free.
creator: unknown
source: General collection, Call Number LC214.2 .C614 196-?, Library of the Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
publisher: The Patrick Henry Press, Richmond, Virginia
date: 1960s
contributor: Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
rights: NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Acknowledgement of the Virginia Historical Society as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Door, Gregory Michael (2008). Segregation’s Science: Eugenics and Society in Virginia Shuey, Audrey M. (1966). The Testing of Negro Intelligence, second edition. Campbell, A. W. (2018). Influence and Controversy. The Races of Mankind and The Brotherhood of Man. Social Welfare History Project.

Miss Margaret Foley The Well Known Suffragist Will Speak [broadside]
description: Broadside publicizes two presentations by suffragist Margaret Foley: Hampton Court House on Wednesday, April 12, 1916 and in Newport News on Thursday, April 13, 1916. "Miss Margaret Foley The Well Known Suffragist Will Speak on Votes for Women... Miss Foley is the only woman who ever spoke in the Harvard Stadium and a most popular speaker. ALL ARE WELCOME Come and Hear What She Has to Say Under the Auspices of the Hampton and Newport News Equal Suffrage Leagues" Handwritten note at top of page, [?] liked Miss Foley "the best yet" Addition handwritten note gives Newport News location as Knights of Columbus Hall.
source: M 9 Box 233, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1916
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries
rights: NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Acknowledgment of Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Photograph of Margaret Foley distributing the Woman's Journal and Suffage News, Library of Congress Papers of Margaret Foley, 1847-1968 (inclusive), 1909-1929 (bulk), Harvard Library McDaid, J. D. (2019, September 12). Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (1909-1920), Encyclopedia Virginia

Come and Hear Southern Speakers Answer the Anti-Suffrage Arguments of Miss Lucy Price [broadside]
description: Broadside advertising Southern Speakers answering the anti-suffrage arguments of Miss Lucy Price of Ohio. Price was a well-known opponent of woman suffrage who argued "We know that we are the equals of men but we also feel that we have a work of our own that is just as important as that of men." (Cornell Daily Sun, 1915 February 12) Text: Come and hear Southern Speakers Answer the Anti-Suffrage Arguments of Miss Lucy Price of Ohio at the Suffrage Hearing Before the Joint Committees of the Senate and House in the Hall of the House of Delegates Monday, January 31st, at 4 O'clock." [Time is struck through and corrected to 3:30 O'clock.]
source: M 9 Box 233, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1915
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries
rights: NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Acknowledgment of Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: "Noted Anti-Suffragist to Speak Here Tonight. Miss Lucy Price Will Present Arguments Against Giving Ballot to Women." The Cornell Daily Sun, vol. 35, no. 101 (1915 February 12). Cornell University Library "Think Women Better Off Without Right to Vote" The Day (1913 February 21), p.11

Third Liberty Loan [pinback button]
description: Pinback button created by the Whitehead & Hoag Co., Newwark, N.J. Liberty loans (or Liberty Bonds) were war bonds sold in the United States in support of World War I. Subscribing to the bonds became a symbol of partriotic duty. There were four issues of Liberty bonds, beginning April 24, 1917. The Third Liberty Loan was issued April 5, 1918.
source: M 9 Box 233, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1918
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries
rights: NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Acknowledgment of Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Sutch, R. Liberty Bonds. April 1917 - September 1918. Federal Researve History. War Savings Stamps, Social Welfare History Image Portal

Anti-Suffrage Arguments. DANGER! [anti-suffrage broadside]
description: A single-sided handbill published by the Virginia Association Opposed to Woman's Suffrage. The handbill argues that woman suffrage will lead to socialism and the destruction of the Christian family and the holding of private property. See also "The Red Behind the Yellow." Text: Anti-Suffrage Arguments DANGER ! WOMAN's SUFFRAGE THE VANGUARD OF SOCIALISM Proof. --See here-- 1. What is Socialism? Socialism is against Christian marriage. Socialism is against the Christian family. Socialism is against the holding of private property. Socialism is against Christianity. Socialism is against the Bible. 2. If you hold your marriage, your family life, your home, your religion, as sacred, dear and inviolate, to be preserved for yourself, and for your children, for all time, then work with all your might against Socialism's vanguard--Woman's Suffrage. 3. In a parade in New York City last November they openly marched together. The Woman Suffragists as the vanguard, with their yellow flags. The Socialists behind with their red flags. 4. The Socialist red flag had this inscription: "Every Socialist is a Woman Suffragist." Does every Virginia WOman Suffragist intend to be a Socialist? 5. We hope not. But "There is a way which seemeth righ unto a man, but the end thereof is death." Danger lies ahead of you. Do you recognize the kindship? Is not this Plain enough for you? Literature can be obtained free of cost at Meyers Book Store, First and Broad Streets Bell Book and Stationery Co, 914 E. Main Street Virginia Association Opposed to Woman's Suffrage.
creator: Virginia Association Opposed to Woman's Suffrage
source: M 9 Box 233, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries
rights: NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Acknowledgment of Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Woman Suffrage, Discovery Set, Social Welfare History Image Portal Anti-suffrage materials, Social Welfare History Image Portal Weeks, L. (2015). American Women Who Were Anti-Suffragettes. National Public Radio.

Anti-Allies and the Dog [editorial cartoon by Blanche Ames Ames]
description: Editorial cartoon by Blanche Ames Ames from the front page of Woman's Journal and Suffrage News, vol. 46, no. 40 (Saturday, October 2, 1915). "Anti-Allies and the Dog" shows a woman wearing a hat marked "Anti" impeding the progress of a woman on horseback who carries the banner Woman Suffrage. The Anti has tied a rope to one of the horse's elgs. Hidden behind a wall are other forces helping to slow the progress of Woman suffrage: "Bo$$," "Vicious Interests," "Liquor Interests," and a dog with "Reardon" tied to his tail. Reardon may refer to Representative Dennis F. Reardon of Boston, who voted against woman suffrage and founded a Voters Anti-Suffrage League.
creator: Ames, Blanche Ames
source: M 9 Box 233, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1915 October 2
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries
rights: NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Acknowledgment of Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Wielding the Pen: Editorial Cartooning for Social Reform, Discovery Set, Social Welfare History Image Portal Blanche Ames Ames, Social Welfare History Image Portal Sheppard, A. (1994). Cartooning for Suffrage. Albuquerque : University of New Mexico Press

Nobody Knows How Dry They Are [1932 Presidential Election handbill]
description: This handbill advocates for the election of Democratic presidential candidate Franklin D. Roosevelt and his running mate John Nance Garner, and for the repeal of the Eighteenth Amendment. The handbill title calls to mind a popular refrain, "How Dry I Am." An editorial cartoon by Guy Spencer (reprinted from the Omaha World Herald) points out that Republican Herbert Hoover and his running mate, Charles Curtis, hold opposing positions on the issue of repeal. Excerpt: "The Republican platform and Republican spokesmen have attempted to mislead the people about prohibition as they have done about other important economic and political questions. Do you want evasion and hypocrisy on vital national issues? Do you admire leaders whose principles shift with every political wind? Democrats Have: A Clear Platform--Honest Candidates The Democratic Plank on Prohibition reads: 'We favor repeal of the Eighteenth Amendment.' In order to obtain much needed government revenue, it further favors immediate modification of the Volstead Act to legalize light wines and beer. The Democratic Platform as vigorously as the Republican demands: (1) Strict federal protection to states that choose to remain dry (2) Prevention of the return of the saloon"
source: M 9 Box 243, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1932
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: COPYRIGHT UNDETERMINED The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Guy R. Spencer, 1878-1945. Finding Aid. Nebraska History Museum. Flashback Friday Encore: Comics, Cartoons, Drawings and Doodles. Nebraska History. Prohibition, Social Welfare History Image Portal