Dig In! [editorial cartoon by Fred O. Seibel]
Editorial cartoon in support of the Salvation Army Home Service Fund by Fred O. Seibel, published in The Knickerbocker Press, May 1919. Mounted and identified as no. 741. This Salvation Army campaign was conducted between May 19-26, 1919 to raise money to rebuild the Salvation Army after its service in World War I, and to provide for the needs of soldiers returning from war. National Doughnut Day, celebrated the first Friday of June, honors the Salvation Army members who served soldiers in World War I. In 1917, over two hundred-fifty Salvation Army volunteers went overseas to France to provide supplies and baked goods, including donuts, to American soldiers. A woman from the Salvation Army stands behind an upturned tambourine filled with coins. Text: "Dig In! Veteran: "Believe Me, If you want to come across for a worthy cause, get in on this toot sweet!" Moses Crow: "Ask the man who knows!"
M 23, Box 2 Frederick Otto Seibel papers, 1882-1968, James Branch Cabell Libraries, VCU Libraries
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Please acknowledge VCU Libraries as a source.
Learn more: "A man may be down but he's never out!" Home Service Fund Campaign - Salvation Army - May 19-26, 1919 / / Frederick Duncan. Library of Congress The Salvation Army. Wikipedia Our history. Salvation Army website Home Service Fund (1919). Chronicling America, Library of Congress Salvation Army, Social Welfare History Image Portal
[Working Woman. Fred O. Seibel editorial cartoon, 1922]
Editorial cartoon created by Fred O. Seibel in 1922, and published in The Knickerbocker Press. Mounted and identified as no. 1503. Image Description: A smiling woman sits at her office typewriter, grateful that she is not doing manual labor on the farm.
M 23, Box 3, cartoon no. 1503, Frederick Otto Seibel papers, 1882-1968. James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries.
NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/ Please acknowledge VCU Libraries as a source.
Learn more: Women Working, 1800-1930. Harvard Digital Collections Data and statistics. Women's Bureau. U. S. Department of Labor Women by occupation. Wikipedia Category
Occupations for Women. A Study Made for the Southern Woman's Educational Alliance.
Orie Latham Hatcher, Ph.D. was head of the Bureau of Vocations in Virginia, a group founded in 1915. Dr. Hatcher and the work of the Bureau of Vocations was described in The Virginia Teacher (vol. 2, no. 5, p. 128): "She is the head of a unique institution, the Bureau of Vocation of Virginia, which was founded six years ago in Richmond, under her inspiration. This institution exerts a strong educational influence. It inspires women first, to the best general education possible, then to adequate special training in some one field of work wisely chosen." Occupations for Women contains a preliminary essay written by Hatcher entitled "Women Who Work," in which Hatcher presents the various points of view related to women working outside the home at different stages of life. Towards the end of the essay, Hatcher describes "Signs of Progress" and "Handicaps to Progress." Excerpts from that essay, and the introduction to the section of the book dealing with Social Work, are presented here.
IN COPYRIGHT This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
Learn more: Bureau of Vocations for Women, September 1915. (Woman’s Occupational Bureau), Social Welfare History Project War Open Up New Fields For Women's Endeavor...Vocations Bureau is Active. Richmond times-dispatch. (Richmond, Va.), 01 July 1917. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Library of Congress. Professional Building for Women is Unique. Richmond times-dispatch. (Richmond, Va.), 11 August 1918. Historic American Newspapers. Library of Congress. See also the location 210 E. Grace St., Richmond, Va. Willard, Frances E. (1897). Occupations for Women.
The Tertium Quid! [editorial cartoon by Fred O. Seibel]
Editorial cartoon by Fred O. Seibel for The Knickerbocker Press. Mounted and identified as no. 843. Image Description: Capital, Labor, and The Public sit at a table as Uncle Sam raises his eyebrows and appears worried. Labor is big and brawny. Capital wears a suit and spats. The public is presented as a child in a tall chair. A sign on the wall reads "Conference of Capital, Labor and the Public." A "tertium quid" is a third thing that is undefined but is related to two definite or known things.
M 23, Box 3, cartoon no. 843, Frederick Otto Seibel papers, 1882-1968. James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries.
A 100 Per Cent Opinion! [editorial cartoon by Fred O. Seibel]
Editorial cartoon by Fred O. Seibel for The Knickerbocker Press. Mounted and identified as no. 929. The cartoon was created in April 1920 after duly-elected assemblymen were expelled from the New York State Assembly. The Speaker of the Senate at the time was Republican Thaddeus C. Sweet. The socialist lawmakers were August Claessens and Louis Waldman of Manhattan; Charles Solomon of Brooklyn; and Samuel Orr and Samuel A. DeWitt of the Bronx. Image Description: Thaddeus C. Sweet sits at a desk covered in papers. Charles E. Hughes addresses Speaker Sweet saying, "I deeply regret the action of the Assembly in suspending five members of the Socialist Party who were duly elected. Are Socialists, unconvicted of crime, to be denied the ballot? If Socialists are permitted to vote, are they not permitted to vote for their own candidates?" In the lower left corner "Moses Crow" says, "The people still believe in the ballot box!"
M 23, Box 3, cartoon no. 929, Frederick Otto Seibel papers, 1882-1968. James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries.
Learn more: Confessore, Nicholas (2009 October 21) When the Assembly Expelled Socialists For Disloyalty The New York Times.
Fall In! [editorial cartoon by Fred O. Seibel]
Editorial cartoon by Fred O. Seibel for The Knickerbocker Press. Mounted and identified as no. 1312. The cartoon relates to the War Adjusted Compensation Act (Bonus Act) of May 19, 1924. This act granted a benefit (bonus) to veterans of military service during World War I. President Calvin Coolidge vetoed the act, but his veto was overridden by Congress. The Act provided for deferred payments in the form of certificates to most veterans. The certificates were to be redeemed in 1945. With the advent of the Great Depression, a large number of veterans would seek immediate cash redemption of these certificates. A group of these veterans and supporters, known as the Bonus Army, would gather in Washington, D.C. in 1932. Image Description: An "Ex-service man" holding an empty mess kit stands outside a Bonus Mess Tent where other veterans are lining up. The Ex-service man says, "There's that mess call again! Wonder if they will fool us this time? I'm getting pretty blamed hungry!" Seibel's "Moses Crow," dressed in uniform says, "When do we eat?"
M 23, Box 3, cartoon No. 1312, Frederick Otto Seibel papers, 1882-1968. James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries.
COPYRIGHT UNDETERMINED The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/
The Food Adulterator [editorial cartoon by Ding Darling]
Editorial cartoon by Jay Norwood "Ding" Darling published in the New York Globe. Image Description: A wealthy businessman sits counting his money among the gravestones of children who died from the impure, tainted food that he sold.
Cartoons Magazine, vol. 3, no. 4 (April 1913), p.238. Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Acknowledgement of VCU Libraries as the source is requested.
Partners! [editorial cartoon by William Kemp Starrett]
Editorial cartoon by William Kemp Starrett published in The Knickerbocker Press. Image Description: An anthropomorphized can of Impure Milk shakes hand with a grinning undertaker and says, "Hello, Old Man! How's business?" Beneath the cartoon is the caption, "Partners!" In New York during the 1850s the Swill Milk scandal was a major adulterated food catastophe. An estimated 8,000 infants were killed in a single year. In 1858, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper exposed the sale of adulterated milk to unsuspecting consumers. These revelations would lead to the creation of city park dairies and milk stations. Eventually, the problem of contaminated milk throughout the nation would be recognized and food safety regulations enacted.
Learn more: Bad Milk Poison to Babies, Expert Warns Mothers. The evening world. (New York, N.Y.), 03 July 1913. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress. Ehrlich, K. and Johnson C. (2018). Got Milk (Regulations)? NYC Department of Records & Information Services. Swill Milk Scandal, Wikipedia. The Man Who Learned. Educational film about impure milk produced in cooperation with the New York Milk Committee. The New York Milk Committee Preaches Pure Milk by Moving Pictures. History Engine. The Y.M.C.A. Now Gives Instruction in English. Many Institutions Are Recognizing the Educational Value of the Movie Picture Film. The sun. (New York [N.Y.]), 01 June 1913. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Library of Congress. Paynter, L. (1930 August 31). Artists Who Wed Upset Popular Ideas. Brooklyn Daily Eagle republished in Stripper's Guilde (2012 March 9).
Anti-suffrage broadside poking fun at the woman suffrage movement. Filled with puns and inside jokes, the source and precise meaning of this publication are uncertain. Notes: The Square Deal was President Theodore Roosevelt's domestic program. The "hatchet" refers to Carrie Nation, the radical temperance activist. The "wets" (and "drys") were the two sides on the issue of prohibition. Some of the puns refer to foods made from corn: grits and hominy. Postum is a coffee substitute made from roasted wheat and molasses. Paradise Lost is an epic poem written by John Milton. The poem is divided into twelve sections known as "books." A "canto" is another word for the sections into which some long poems are divided. The History of Woman Suffrage quotes a line from Paradise Lost, "All is not lost: the unconquerable will is ours." The Masses was a richly illustrated socialist magazine, published monthly from 1911 until 1917. Excerpts: SUFFRAJESTS If our husbands' socks are full of holes, Our holier duty is at the polls.... We didn't need the "hatchet"--we've got the "Club." Hurrah! Put your bets on the suffragettes. If you'll back them up they'll uphold the "wets." That's a stand off. We don't believe in "force"--it isn't what its "cracked up" to be. "Hominy" is better, and somes "grit" is necessary. You see, we "acknowledge the corn." (This isn't a cereal story.); if it were we'd "postum" up and raise some electioneering dough. Our road isn't all "peaches and cream," but we hope to get our desserts some day.... We are truly yours by a large majority, THE SUFFRAJESTS
Henry S. Wallerstein and Clara Ullman Wallerstein Collection, Beth Ahabah Museum & Archives
NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/
Learn more: Anti-suffrage materials, Social Welfare History Image Portal
Voting Status of Negroes in Virginia and Procedures and Requirements for Voting in Virginia
This 1944 booklet is the Virginia Voters League’s fifth annual report. The League began in 1941 and worked with the NAACP in advocating for increased African American participation at the polls. It was led by Luther P. Jackson, an historian and civil rights advocate who formed the Petersburg League of Negro Voters in 1935, which developed into the Virginia Voters League. The booklet details African American voting strength and includes instructions for voter registration. At this time in Virginia, the payment of a poll tax for three consequtive years was a requirement for voting. The booklet notes that in 1943, the number of blacks who met the poll tax requirement was 32,504. That number increased to 41,579 in 1944. Nevertheless, those numbers represent only 9 to 11 per cent of Virginia blacks of voting age, or expressed another way, about 89 per cent of blacks were disqualified from voting in 1944. Excerpts: Title page: "With grant-in-aid of publication by the Virginia State Teachers Association, Virginia branches of the N.A.A.C.P., Virginia lodges of Elks, the Eureka Lodge of Norfolk, Virginia chapters of Greek letter fraternities and sororities, and the Virginia Negro Organization Society." p. 4 Foreward This fifth annual report of the Virginia Voters League defines the voting status of Negroes in Virginia as of May 7, 1944, the last day for paying the poll tax in order to have voted in the ensuing August primary and the November election. In order to satisfy the demand for a statement of voting requirements in Virginia and other states this handbook devotes a section to this topic also. To all persons who seek to advance the political status of Negroes and to observe racial trends on suffrage in Virginia this publication may serve as a guide. The compiler of this report is again deeply indebted to the 124 county and city court clerks in Virginia for furnishing the data on poll tax paying either by letter or by sending the poll tax list itself. Every county and city is included in this report because every clerk cooperated. SLOGAN Pay the poll tax in order to abolish the poll tax.
Jackson, Luther P. Virginia Voters League
General collection, JK1929.V8 V8 1944, Library of the Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
NO COPYRIGHT – UNITED STATES The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Acknowledgement of the Virginia Historical Society as a source is requested.
Learn more: Controlling the Vote -- Rights. Registration. Representation. Discovery Set, Social Welfare History Image Portal Dennis, M. Luther Porter Jackson (1892–1950). Encyclopedia Virginia "Va. highway marker honors creators of Virginia Voters League in Petersburg" The Progress-Index Poll tax, Social Welfare History Image Portal
Laws of Virginia with Regard to Women Contrasted with Laws Where Women Vote [Equal Suffrage League handbill]
This sheet compares Virginia laws pertaining to women with those of states where female suffrage already had been approved. Arranged in two contrasting columns, the sheet presents twelve points and includes an Equal Suffrage League of Virginia enrollment form on the second page. Laws covered include those relating to property rights, inheritance, and parental guardianship. The League was founded in 1909 and included prominent women such as Adèle Clark, Ellen Glasgow, Mary Johnston, Mary-Cooke Munford, Nora Houston, and Lila Meade Valentine (the league’s first president). After a decade of failure to convince Virginia’s representatives that women should have the vote, the League switched focus to winning Congressional passage of the Nineteenth Amendment.
Rare Books, Call Number JK1901 .L42 1910z, Library of the Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
Jefferson Ward: List of Qualified Voters, Election Tuesday, November 7, 1933
This 1933 booklet provides “a list of persons in Jefferson Ward in the City of Richmond, who have paid their State Poll Taxes.” Poll taxes were enacted by many southern states after Reconstruction to suppress African American voting. Such taxes were a precondition for voting and thus disenfranchised those who could not pay the fee. Use of the poll tax in federal elections was abolished with the passage of the Twenty-fourth Amendment in 1964, and in state-level elections by the 1966 Supreme Court decision in Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections. The booklet is divided into “WHITE” voters, listed in the first 274 pages, and “COLORED” voters, listed on pages 275 to 304.
Unknown, but presumably “H. L. Hulce, Treasurer of the City of Richmond, Virginia,” who swore “that the foregoing is a true list,” as described on page 305.
General collection, Call Number F233.69 .J3, Library of the Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
Learn more: Controlling the Vote -- Rights. Registration. Representation. Discovery Set, Social Welfare History Image Portal Poll tax materials, Social Welfare History Image Portal Tarter, B. Poll Tax, Encyclopedia Virginia
Members of the Virginia League of Women Voters, January 1923, Alexandria, Va.
Members of the Virginia League of Women Voters meeting in Alexandria, Virginia on February 3, 1923. Identification from back of photo Left to right: Mrs. Sarah Matthews, Norfolk Mrs. John H. Lewis (Eliz. Langer Lewis), Lynchburg Miss Adele Clark, Richmond Miss Helen Christian, Richmond A photograph of the entire group is held by the Library of Congress. This photograph was published on page 1 of the Alexandria Gazette, 139(23), January 26, 1923.
M 9 Box 242, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/ Acknowledgment of VCU Libraries as a source is requested.
Nobody Knows How Dry They Are [1932 Presidential Election handbill]
This handbill advocates for the election of Democratic presidential candidate Franklin D. Roosevelt and his running mate John Nance Garner, and for the repeal of the Eighteenth Amendment. The handbill title calls to mind a popular refrain, "How Dry I Am." An editorial cartoon by Guy Spencer (reprinted from the Omaha World Herald) points out that Republican Herbert Hoover and his running mate, Charles Curtis, hold opposing positions on the issue of repeal. Excerpt: "The Republican platform and Republican spokesmen have attempted to mislead the people about prohibition as they have done about other important economic and political questions. Do you want evasion and hypocrisy on vital national issues? Do you admire leaders whose principles shift with every political wind? Democrats Have: A Clear Platform--Honest Candidates The Democratic Plank on Prohibition reads: 'We favor repeal of the Eighteenth Amendment.' In order to obtain much needed government revenue, it further favors immediate modification of the Volstead Act to legalize light wines and beer. The Democratic Platform as vigorously as the Republican demands: (1) Strict federal protection to states that choose to remain dry (2) Prevention of the return of the saloon"
M 9 Box 243, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
Learn more: Guy R. Spencer, 1878-1945. Finding Aid. Nebraska History Museum. Flashback Friday Encore: Comics, Cartoons, Drawings and Doodles. Nebraska History. Prohibition, Social Welfare History Image Portal
Anti-Allies and the Dog [editorial cartoon by Blanche Ames Ames]
Editorial cartoon by Blanche Ames Ames from the front page of Woman's Journal and Suffrage News, vol. 46, no. 40 (Saturday, October 2, 1915). "Anti-Allies and the Dog" shows a woman wearing a hat marked "Anti" impeding the progress of a woman on horseback who carries the banner Woman Suffrage. The Anti has tied a rope to one of the horse's elgs. Hidden behind a wall are other forces helping to slow the progress of Woman suffrage: "Bo$$," "Vicious Interests," "Liquor Interests," and a dog with "Reardon" tied to his tail. Reardon may refer to Representative Dennis F. Reardon of Boston, who voted against woman suffrage and founded a Voters Anti-Suffrage League.
M 9 Box 233, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries
NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Acknowledgment of Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
Learn more: Wielding the Pen: Editorial Cartooning for Social Reform, Discovery Set, Social Welfare History Image Portal Blanche Ames Ames, Social Welfare History Image Portal Sheppard, A. (1994). Cartooning for Suffrage. Albuquerque : University of New Mexico Press
Anti-Suffrage Arguments. DANGER! [anti-suffrage broadside]
A single-sided handbill published by the Virginia Association Opposed to Woman's Suffrage. The handbill argues that woman suffrage will lead to socialism and the destruction of the Christian family and the holding of private property. See also "The Red Behind the Yellow." Text: Anti-Suffrage Arguments DANGER ! WOMAN's SUFFRAGE THE VANGUARD OF SOCIALISM Proof. --See here-- 1. What is Socialism? Socialism is against Christian marriage. Socialism is against the Christian family. Socialism is against the holding of private property. Socialism is against Christianity. Socialism is against the Bible. 2. If you hold your marriage, your family life, your home, your religion, as sacred, dear and inviolate, to be preserved for yourself, and for your children, for all time, then work with all your might against Socialism's vanguard--Woman's Suffrage. 3. In a parade in New York City last November they openly marched together. The Woman Suffragists as the vanguard, with their yellow flags. The Socialists behind with their red flags. 4. The Socialist red flag had this inscription: "Every Socialist is a Woman Suffragist." Does every Virginia WOman Suffragist intend to be a Socialist? 5. We hope not. But "There is a way which seemeth righ unto a man, but the end thereof is death." Danger lies ahead of you. Do you recognize the kindship? Is not this Plain enough for you? Literature can be obtained free of cost at Meyers Book Store, First and Broad Streets Bell Book and Stationery Co, 914 E. Main Street Virginia Association Opposed to Woman's Suffrage.
Virginia Association Opposed to Woman's Suffrage
Learn more: Woman Suffrage, Discovery Set, Social Welfare History Image Portal Anti-suffrage materials, Social Welfare History Image Portal Weeks, L. (2015). American Women Who Were Anti-Suffragettes. National Public Radio.
Pinback button created by the Whitehead & Hoag Co., Newwark, N.J. Liberty loans (or Liberty Bonds) were war bonds sold in the United States in support of World War I. Subscribing to the bonds became a symbol of partriotic duty. There were four issues of Liberty bonds, beginning April 24, 1917. The Third Liberty Loan was issued April 5, 1918.
Learn more: Sutch, R. Liberty Bonds. April 1917 - September 1918. Federal Researve History. War Savings Stamps, Social Welfare History Image Portal
Come and Hear Southern Speakers Answer the Anti-Suffrage Arguments of Miss Lucy Price [broadside]
Broadside advertising Southern Speakers answering the anti-suffrage arguments of Miss Lucy Price of Ohio. Price was a well-known opponent of woman suffrage who argued "We know that we are the equals of men but we also feel that we have a work of our own that is just as important as that of men." (Cornell Daily Sun, 1915 February 12) Text: Come and hear Southern Speakers Answer the Anti-Suffrage Arguments of Miss Lucy Price of Ohio at the Suffrage Hearing Before the Joint Committees of the Senate and House in the Hall of the House of Delegates Monday, January 31st, at 4 O'clock." [Time is struck through and corrected to 3:30 O'clock.]
Learn more: "Noted Anti-Suffragist to Speak Here Tonight. Miss Lucy Price Will Present Arguments Against Giving Ballot to Women." The Cornell Daily Sun, vol. 35, no. 101 (1915 February 12). Cornell University Library "Think Women Better Off Without Right to Vote" The Day (1913 February 21), p.11
Miss Margaret Foley The Well Known Suffragist Will Speak [broadside]
Broadside publicizes two presentations by suffragist Margaret Foley: Hampton Court House on Wednesday, April 12, 1916 and in Newport News on Thursday, April 13, 1916. "Miss Margaret Foley The Well Known Suffragist Will Speak on Votes for Women... Miss Foley is the only woman who ever spoke in the Harvard Stadium and a most popular speaker. ALL ARE WELCOME Come and Hear What She Has to Say Under the Auspices of the Hampton and Newport News Equal Suffrage Leagues" Handwritten note at top of page, [?] liked Miss Foley "the best yet" Addition handwritten note gives Newport News location as Knights of Columbus Hall.
Learn more: Photograph of Margaret Foley distributing the Woman's Journal and Suffage News, Library of Congress Papers of Margaret Foley, 1847-1968 (inclusive), 1909-1929 (bulk), Harvard Library McDaid, J. D. (2019, September 12). Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (1909-1920), Encyclopedia Virginia
Classroom Desegregation Will Never Work [broadside]
This broadside asserts “there is a basic, inherent mental difference between the races,” citing IQ tests and a booklet by Henry E. Garrett, How Classroom Desegregation Will Work (1966). Henry Garrett was at the forefront of a resurgence of racial pseudoscience in the mid-twentieth century. He argued for segregation in Davis v. County School Board (one of the cases in Brown v. Board), compiled a pamphlet of his essays for the white supremacist Citizens’ Council, and his views were used to forward the work of other eugenicists. Excerpts: That is why Classroom Desegregation will never work: There is a basic, inherent mental difference between the races. If you mix the classrooms and gear the standards to Negroes, you deny White children their optimum chance. If you gear the standards to White mentality, you develop frustrations on the part of Negroes, with subsequent antagonisms, drop-outs, and "delinquencies...." Race differences, as an issue, is the overriding problem of our time. These differences are something too few of us know about. Now is the time to learn, before it is too late. If you know what you are talking about, you can help defeat Black Power. Only the truth will keep us free.
General collection, Call Number LC214.2 .C614 196-?, Library of the Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
The Patrick Henry Press, Richmond, Virginia
Learn more: Door, Gregory Michael (2008). Segregation’s Science: Eugenics and Society in Virginia Shuey, Audrey M. (1966). The Testing of Negro Intelligence, second edition. Campbell, A. W. (2018). Influence and Controversy. The Races of Mankind and The Brotherhood of Man. Social Welfare History Project.
This newsletter is a publication of the anti-busing Save Our Neighborhood Schools, Inc., (SONS) organization. A subscription form listing the Board of Directors for SONS is also shown. In the 1970 case, Bradley v. Richmond School Board, Judge Robert Merhige, Jr., ordered limited citywide busing in order to integrate Richmond, Virginia, schools, resulting in further white flight. Opposition from white parents was fierce and organized, as evidenced by groups such as SONS. Merhige's decision was overturned on June 6, 1972 by the U.S. Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals, which was affirmed a year later in the U.S. Supreme Court. The Court subsequently invalidated most busing across city-county boundaries and, unable to counteract white flight, many city schools again became overwhelmingly black. The trend continued through the late-twentieth century, and Richmond neighborhoods were more racially segregated in 1980 than in 1960. From the Subscription Form: "Dedicated to the preservation of the neighborhood school concept in the education of our young people." Board of Directors William F. Haskins, President Board Members J. Hunter Ames James W. Meador, Jr. Jaqueline Gary Kenneth A. Huhn J. Earl Gerringer Ernestine Gilpin Jerome Hake Herbert Thornton
General collection, Call Number L11 .N5, and General collection, Call Number L11 .S5, Library of the Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Virginia Historical Society
Learn more: Hayter, J. (2017). The Dream is Lost: Voting Rights and the Politics of Race in Richmond, Virginia. Busing, Social Welfare History Image Portal 3,300 Autos Driven To Capital in Protest, The New York Times, February 18, 1972. Pratt, Robert A. The Color of Their Skin: Education and Race in Richmond, Virginia, 1954-89. The Conscience of Virginia: Judge Robert R. Merhige, Jr., and the Politics of School Desegregation Bradley v. School Board of City of Richmond, Virginia, 338 F. Supp. 67 (E.D. Va. 1972)
National Busing Report, Vol. 1, No. 11, October 1972
This is a publication of the anti-busing Save Our Neighborhood Schools, Inc., (SONS) organization. In the 1970 case, Bradley v. Richmond School Board, Judge Robert Merhige, Jr., ordered limited citywide busing in order to integrate Richmond, Virginia, schools, resulting in further white flight. Opposition from white parents was fierce and organized, as evidenced by groups such as SONS. Merhige's decision was overturned on June 6, 1972 by the U.S. Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals, which was affirmed a year later in the U.S. Supreme Court. The Court subsequently invalidated most busing across city-county boundaries and, unable to counteract white flight, many city schools again became overwhelmingly black. The trend continued through the late-twentieth century, and Richmond neighborhoods were more racially segregated in 1980 than in 1960. Detail from page 3: editorial cartoon by Jack Knox, reprinted from the Nashville Banner
Learn more: Busing, Social Welfare History Image Portal 3,300 Autos Driven To Capital in Protest, The New York Times, February 18, 1972. Pratt, Robert A. The Color of Their Skin: Education and Race in Richmond, Virginia, 1954-89. The Conscience of Virginia: Judge Robert R. Merhige, Jr., and the Politics of School Desegregation Bradley v. School Board of City of Richmond, Virginia, 338 F. Supp. 67 (E.D. Va. 1972)
[Virginia Public Health disease prevention illustration]
A public health graphic created to educate the public about avoiding the spread of disease. Published in the Virginia Health Bulletin in 1918 during the Spanish flu pandemic.
Virginia Health Bulletin Health Sciences Library, VCU Libraries
Tompkins-McCaw Library for the Health Sciences, VCU Libraries
This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
Learn more: Influenza Catechism (1918), Virginia Health Bulletin, (X,10). Influenza, Social Welfare History Image Portal Public health, Social Welfare History Image Portal
A pamphlet addressing resistance from white Americans to racial integration. Written by the Educational Director of the Commission on Interracial Cooperation. The writer, Robert B. Eleazer, refutes the "Curse of Ham" as a justification for slavery or servitude. He also argues against popular fallacies such as "the Negro is all right in his place;" "no genuine Negro ever showed real intelligence or abillity;" "the Negro has no worthy part in American history;" "Negroes want to break down the social line between the races;" and the idea of racial superiority. Excerpt: "Nobody knows which is the superior race--or whether there be one. All we can say is that we differ in physical characteristics and in degree and kind of development....It behooves us all to be humble; to remember that we are all human beings, with mutual obligations of respect and good will."
Race Relations Pamphlets, Special Collections, William Smith Morton Library, Union Presbyterian Seminary
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Learn more: Commission on Interracial Cooperation, Social Welfare History Image Portal Pullen, Ann Ellis (2013). "Commission on Interracial Cooperation" New Georgia Encyclopedia.
Pamphlet published by the Commission on Interracial Cooperation, an organization which opposed lynching and promoted interracial dialogue and cooperation. Described on the cover as "stories summarized from press reports," the pamphlets relates incidents in which crimes were committed by persons posing as African Americans. These imposters blackened their faces and hands with burnt cork. Other stories describe false accusations by whites, and often white women, against black men. Excerpt from p.1 "In St. Louis some time ago a robber caught with blackened face stated that there was an organized group of white bandits who always operated under the mask of color. In this way, he said, it was easy to fool the officers, and in some cases even to assist in the search for the suspected Negro and 'identify' him when caught." p. 6 "The meaning is obvious, however, as it relates to hasty judgment, hysteria, mob violence, and the assumption that every Negro is guilty who anybody seeks to accuse. It suggests also that the statistics of Negro crime, now happily changing for the better, might be further lightened if all the facts were known and the mask of color torn away."