Silk dye workers just before arrest. Nancy Sandowsky at center.
American Labor Museum/Botto House National Landmark Persistent URL: https://doi.org/doi:10.7282/T3M046Z7
The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/
Learn more: Passaic Textile Strike, 1926, Social Welfare History Project Passaic Textile Strike (1926) - film, Social Welfare History Project Labor, Social Welfare History Image Portal
Striker in a gas mask, Passaic, New Jersey
A Passaic striker wears a gas mask for protection from the effects of tear gas. Police used tear gas, clubs, and firehoses to disperse crowds of strikers. Gus Deak, future president of the United Textile Worker's Local 1603, is in the left foreground of the picture.
American Labor Museum / Botto House National Landmark Persistent URL: https://doi.org/doi:10.7282/T3SQ91XD
Police use firehoses against a group of advancing textile strikers, Passaic County, New Jersey.
American Labor Museum/Botto House National Landmark Persistent URL: https://doi.org/doi:10.7282/T30866VT
Police with clubs restrain female striker
Police with clubs restrain a female striker, Passaic County, New Jersey.
American Labor Museum / Botto House National Landmark Persistent URL: https://doi.org/doi:10.7282/T3319X6N
Singing Solidarity Forever, Passaic County, 1926
Strikers raise their fists and sing as they march down a street during the Passaic Textile Strike, 1926. One striker wears a military uniform. Photograph is marked for cropping. The I.W.W. song "Solidarity Forever" was sung to the tune of "John Brown's Body." The words, written by Ralph Chaplin, begin, When the Union's inspiration through the worker's blood shall run, There can be no power greater anywhere beneath the sun; Yet what force on earth is weaker than the feeble strength of one? But the Union makes us strong. Chorus: Solidarity forever, solidarity forever, Solidarity forever, for the union makes us strong.
American Labor Museum / Botto House National Landmark Persistent URL: https://doi.org/doi:10.7282/T3GH9K76
Marching through snow and sleet, Passaic, New Jersey, 1926
Strikers march through snow during the Passaic Textile Strike, 1926. One woman blows a horn. Two signs are partially visible: "A Mill-Worker's Sunday Socks. One Pair A Year..." "Things That Cause Strikes Empty Milk Bottles We Want More Milk For Baby Strike"
American Labor Museum / Botto House National Landmark Persistent URL: https://doi.org/doi:10.7282/T3DF6SQH
Textile Strikers General Relief Store No. 2, Passaic, New Jersey
Textile strikers with their children in front of them stand in the doorway of a General Relief store. This was one of the strike relief centers run by International Worker's Aid.
American Labor Museum / Botto House National Landmark Persistent URL: https://doi.org/doi:10.7282/T3RJ4M1V
Textile Strikers General Relief Store No. 3
People stand in the doorway of the Textile Strikers General Relief Store No. 3. This store was run by the International Workers Aid.
American Labor Museum / Botto House National Landmark Persistent URL: https://doi.org/doi:10.7282/T3PR7XHF
Labor meeting, Passaic Textile Strike, 1926
A woman holds a gas mask at a labor meeting.
American Labor Museum / Botto House National Landmark Persistent URL: https://doi.org/doi:10.7282/T3SX6FHX
Police resistance, Passaic Textile Strike, 1926
Martin Winkler of Garfield, New Jersey is arrested for resistance, after which he received a 10 day prison sentence. This event took place during the Passaic Textile Strike, 1926.
American Labor Museum / Botto House National Landmark Persistent URL: https://doi.org/doi:10.7282/T3TH8P75
Speech in Belmont Park, Garfield, New Jersey, 1926
Boys and girls in Belmont Park, Garfield, N.J. the day after police had dispersed their parade. Mrs H. Zeitkowsky is speaking. The girl sitting near the speaker is Miriam Silberfarb, leader with the striker children. This event took place during the Passaic Textile Strike, 1926.
American Labor Museum / Botto House National Landmark
Child strikers, Passaic Textile Strike, 1926
Children of Forstmann Huffman employees participate in strike. They hold signs reading "WE WANT MORE FOOD AND MORE CLOTHES" and "WE ARE STRIKERS CHILDREN WE NEED MORE FOOD" Image dated March 8, 1926.
American Labor Museum / Botto House National Landmark Persistent URL: https://doi.org/doi:10.7282/T3CC127N
Cold, hungry strikers, Passaic, New Jersey, 1926
Passaic strikers men, women, and children take a break from the cold to get a beverage. This event took place during the Passaic Textile Strike, 1926. Dated March 4, 1926.
American Labor Museum / Botto House National Landmark Persistent URL: https://doi.org/doi:10.7282/T37M09GG
March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom [publicity flyer]
The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom took place on 28 August 1963. An estimated 250,000 people attended the massive, peaceful rally, while many more watched the dramatic events live on television. This flyer reads: "An Appeal to You from Mathew Ahmann Eugene Carson Blake James Farmer Martin Luther King, Jr. John Lewis Isaiah Minkoff A. Philip Randolph Walter Reuther Roy Wilkins Whitney Young to MARCH on WASHINGTON Wednesday August 28, 1963 America faces a crisis ... Millions of Negroes are denied freedom ... Millions of citizens, black and white, are unemployed ... We demand: -- Meaningful Civil Rights Laws -- Massive Federal Works Program -- Full and Fair Employment -- Decent Housing -- The Right to Vote -- Adequate Integrated Education In your community, groups are mobilizing for the March. You can get information on how to go to Washington by calling civil rights organizations, religious organizations, trade unions, fraternal organizations and youth groups. National Office -- MARCH ON WASHINGTON FOR JOBS AND FREEDOM 170 West 130 Street New York 27 FI 8-1900 Cleveland Robinson, Chairman, Administrative Committee Bayard Rustin, Deputy Director
March on Washington 1963, Special Collections, William Smith Morton Library, Union Presbyterian Seminary
Union Presbyterian Seminary Library
Learn more: Hansan, John E., March on Washington, D.C. for Jobs and Freedom August 28, 1963, Social Welfare History Project The March (1963) [film], Social Welfare History Project March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom [tri-fold publicity flyer], Social Welfare History Image Portal
George Lincoln Rockwell, Richmond, Va., July 4, 1963 [publicity flyer]
A flyer promoting an appearance by George Lincoln Rockwell, founder of the American Nazi Party, in Richmond, Virginia on July 4, 1963. The rally was to intended to motivate opposition to the March on Washington that would take place on August 28, 1963. Rockwell spoke in front of City Hall in Richmond. Rockwell's white supremacist activism was influenced by Senator Joseph McCarthy. Rockwell equated "race-mixing" with Communism. He was also anti-semitic. Rockwell ran an unsuccessful campaign for Governor of Virginia in 1965. Mills E. Godwin, Jr. won the governorship with 296,526 of the 562,789 votes cast. Rockwell received 5,730 votes, coming in fourth behind Godwin, A. Linwood Holton, Jr. and William J. Story Jr. Rockwell was murdered in 1967 by a recently expelled member of the American Nazi Party. This flyer was folded in half for distribution. The two half-sized images appeared on the outside. Once opened, there were three full-sized pages of text inside.
Aubrey Brown Jr. personal papers collection. March on Washington 1963 digital collection. Special Collections, William Smith Morton Library, Union Presbyterian Seminary
Learn more: Backlash to Reform: Hatred and Extremism, Social Welfare History Image Portal Miller, M.E. (2017). The shadow of an assassinated American Nazi commander hangs over Charlottesville. The Washington Post (August 21, 2017). Roosevelt, E. (1939). Keepers of Democracy, from The Virginia Quarterly Review (Winter 1939), Social Welfare History Project Hansan, John E., March on Washington, D.C. for Jobs and Freedom August 28, 1963, Social Welfare History Project The March (1963) [film], Social Welfare History Project March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom [publicity flyer], Social Welfare History Image Portal
March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom [tri-fold publicity flyer]
Tri-fold flyer encouraging all Americans to join the March on Washington which would take place on Wednesday, August 28, 1963. Text on front page: "The time is NOW for all Americans Black and White to join the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. A call to action by James Farmer, Martin Luther King, John Lewis, A. Philip Randolph, Roy Wilkins, Whitney Young. Wednesday, August 28, 1963." Text from inside flyer: "America faces a crisis... Millions of citizens are unemployed... Millions are denied freedom... The twin evils of discrimination and exonomic deprivation plague the nation. They rob all people, Negro and white, of dignity, self-respect and freedom. They impose a special burden up the Negro who is denied the right to vote, refused access to public accommodations, forced to accept inferior education and relegated to sub-standard ghetto housing. One hundred years after the Emancipation Proclamation, the American Negro still bears the brunt of economic exploitation, the indignity of second-class citizenship, and ignominy of slave wages. The rate of Negro unemployment is almost three times higher than that of white workers, breeding misery, frustration and degradation in every community -- North and South. Discrimination in education and in apprenticeship training renders Negroes, Puerto Ricans and other minorities helpless in our mechanized, industrial society. Shunted to relief, to charity, or to living by their wits, the jobless are driven to despair, to crime, to hatred and to violence. Yet, despite this crisis... Southern Democrats and reactionary Republicans in Congress are still working to defeat any effective civil rights legislation. They fight against the rights of all workers and minority groups. They are the sworn enemies of freedom and justice. They proclaim states rights in order to destroy human rights. The Southern Democrats came to power by disenfranchising the Negro people. They know that as long as black workers are voteless, exploited, depressed and underpaid the fight of white workers for decent wages and working conditions will fail. They know that semi-slavery for one means semi-slavery for all. We oppose these forces. We appeal for unity to destroy this century-long hoax.... We call upon all Americans, regardless of race or creed to join the March on Washington for freedom. To demand that Congress pass a civil rights bill that will restore the constitutional rights now denied the Negro people. To assure neither watering down, nor compromise, nor filibuster against civil rights legislation by either political party. To offer a great witness to the basic moral principle of human equality and brotherhood. We call upon all Americans, regardless of race or creed to join the March on Washington for jobs. In their historic non-violent revolt for freedom, the Negro people are demanding the right to decent jobs -- recognizing that their struggle is inextricably linked with the struggle for decent jobs for all Americans. They know that, in the long run, there is no way for Negroes to win and hold jobs unless the problems of automation, a stagnant economy, and discrimination are solved; therefore, the Federal government must establish a massive works program to train and employ all Americans at decent wages and at meaningful and dignified labor. ------- We call upon you and upon all organizations -- churches, fraternal societies, labor unions, civil groups, youth groups and professional associations -- to accelerate the dynamic, non-violent thrust of the civil rights revolution by joining The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom To restore economic Freedom to all in this nation To blot out once and for all the scourge of racial discrimination The time is NOW"
Learn more: Hansan, John E., March on Washington, D.C. for Jobs and Freedom August 28, 1963, Social Welfare History Project The March (1963) [film], Social Welfare History Project March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom [publicity flyer], Social Welfare History Image Portal
The Rockwell Report, November - December, 1966 [American Nazi Party]
Official monthly publication of the American Nazi Party, an organization founded by George Lincoln Rockwell in March 1959. Cover title for this issue, "The Real Nature of White Backlash." Slogan on cover: "White People! Unite & Fight!" Advertisement on the back cover for Hatenanny Records No. 2 by G.L. Rockwell and the Coon Hunters. Rockwell attempted to draw attention to the ANP by starting a small record label, named Hatenanny Records. The label released several 45 RPM singles, including recordings by a group credited as Odis Cochran and the Three Bigots, that were sold mostly through mail order and at party rallies. (savethevinyl.org)
M 342, Box 24, Edward H. Peeples, Jr. Papers, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
Learn more: George Lincoln Rockwell, Social Welfare History Image Portal Miller, M.E. (2017). The shadow of an assassinated American Nazi commander hangs over Charlottesville. The Washington Post (August 21, 2017). Backlash to Reform: Hatred and Extremism, Social Welfare History Image Portal
During the 1960s, George Lincoln Rockwell attempted to draw attention to the American Nazi Party (which he founded) by starting a small record label, named Hatenanny Records. The label released several 45 RPM singles, including recordings by a group credited as Odis Cochran and the Three Bigots, that were sold mostly through mail order and at party rallies. (SaveTheVinyl.org) The name "Hatenanny" comes from the word "hootenanny" which referred to folk music gatherings. Rockwell regarded folk musicians as communist sympathizers, race-mixers and "peace creeps." Bob Dylan mentions George Lincoln Rockwell in his "Talkin' John Birch Paranoid Blues." Side 1: "Ship Those Niggers Back" credited to Odis Cochran & Guitar with "The 3 Bigots" copyright 1964 By G.L Rockwell Pary, Inc. #6409191 Side 2: "We Is Non-Violent Niggers" credited to Odis Cochran & Guitar with "The 3 Bigots" copyright 1964 By G.L Rockwell Pary, Inc. #6409192
Learn more: Hatenanny Records. The Record Label of the American Nazi Party. SaveTheVinyl.org Otis Cochran & the Three Bigots record sleeve, Internet Archive George Lincoln Rockwell, Social Welfare History Image Portal Miller, M.E. (2017). The shadow of an assassinated American Nazi commander hangs over Charlottesville. The Washington Post (August 21, 2017). Backlash to Reform: Hatred and Extremism, Social Welfare History Image Portal
Hatenanny Records Advertisement [American Nazi Party handbill]
Single-sided, single page flyer advertising "Ship Those Niggers Back" a 45 RPM record released by the American Nazi Party. During the 1960s, George Lincoln Rockwell attempted to draw attention to the American Nazi Party (which he founded) by starting a small record label, named Hatenanny Records. The label released several 45 RPM singles, including recordings by a group credited as Odis Cochran and the Three Bigots, that were sold mostly through mail order and at party rallies. (SaveTheVinyl.org) The name "Hatenanny" comes from the word "hootenanny" which referred to folk music gatherings. Rockwell regarded folk musicians as communist sympathizers, race-mixers, and "peace creeps." This advertising copy states "The "Hatenanny" is WHITE MANS' folk-music...." View the record.
M 342, Box 13, Edward H. Peeples, Jr. Papers, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library
Learn more: Hatenanny Records, Social Welfare History Image Portal Hatenanny Records. The Record Label of the American Nazi Party. SaveTheVinyl.org Otis Cochran & the Three Bigots record sleeve, Internet Archive George Lincoln Rockwell, Social Welfare History Image Portal Miller, M.E. (2017). The shadow of an assassinated American Nazi commander hangs over Charlottesville. The Washington Post (August 21, 2017). Backlash to Reform: Hatred and Extremism, Social Welfare History Image Portal
The Stormtrooper Magazine [American Nazi Party publication]
From inside front cover: "The Stormtrooper magazine is the official news magazine of the American Nazi Party published quarterly...John Patler, Editor" Last two pages and back cover list "Nazi Literature and Other Items For Sale" that include booklets, photographs of George Lincoln Rockwell, Adolph Hitler and Joseph McCarthy, leaflets, arm bands, lapel pins, recordings, stickers, and copies of "The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion," an antisemitic forgery purporting to describe a Jewish plan for global domination. An article on pages 23 - 24 reports on George Lincoln Rockwell's campaign for Governor of Virginia. In 1965, Mills E. Godwin, Jr. won the governorship with 296,526 of the 562,789 votes cast. Rockwell received 5,730 votes, coming in fourth behind Godwin, A. Linwood Holton, Jr. and William J. Story Jr. In 1967, Patler was expelled from the ANP after disagreeing with founder George Lincoln Rockwell. On August 25, 1967, Patler shot and killed Rockwell at an Arlington, Va. shopping center. Selected pages include a cartoon by Patler, "Lessons in Free Speech" which shows a long-haired "liberal" and a Jew (wearing a Star of David) discussing free speech and the Constitution while protesting a speech by George Lincoln Rockwell. A notice on page 12 describes how the editor of The Stormtrooper, John Patler, was found not guilty on a charge of disorderly conduct for picketing in front of the White House.
Edward H. Peeples Collection, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
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Be A Man Join the Klan [United Klans of America recruiting poster]
Recruiting poster produced by the Virginia office of the United Klans of America.
Ku Klux Klan and Christian Churches digital collection, Special Collections, William Smith Morton Library, Union Presbyterian Seminary
Learn more: Ku Klux Klan in Virginia, Encyclopedia Virginia Mapping the Second Ku Klux Klan, 1915-1940, VCU Libraries The Ku Klux Klan and Christian Churches, Union Presbyterian Seminary Library Backlash to Reform: Hatred and Extremism, Social Welfare History Image Portal
White Power. The Newspaper of White Revolution, No. 24, February 1972 [National Socialist White Peoples Party publication]
Publication of the National Socialist White Peoples Party, formerly the American Nazi Party founded by George Lincoln Rockwell. Matt Koehl succeeded George Lincoln Rockwell as commander of the NSWPP after Rockwell was shot by John Patler. The cover of this 8-page newspaper declares "Busing is Genocide! Red Race-mixers Planning to Destroy White People But Whites Waking Up! Hated Buses Go Up in Smoke; Jew Mixmasters Warned: 'STOP THIS MURDER - OR YOU'LL BE NEXT TO BURN!'" [Image Description: Three neatly-dressed black elementary school boys stand in front of a Mecklenburg County, NC school bus as two white girls carrying books look on. One of the boys is speaking with a teacher. This photograph is surrounded by jagged white shapes and placed over a photograph of buses burning.] This article describes in violent racist and antisemitic language how the Aryan people of America are coming in growing numbers to the National Socialist movement under the leadership of Matt Koehl. The article continues on page 8 under the title, "Whites: Nixon Could Stop Busing." A second article shown here is "America: A Racial Mission" by Commander Matt Koehl (pages 4 - 5). Also shown is an advertisement for a subscription to White Power. "SMASH...The Paper Curtain!...Read the most dynamic, idealistic, informative newspaper in the world today! Act now! Don't miss one fact-and-action-packed issue!" An advertisement for the soundtrack of Leni Riefenstahl's 1935 German propganda film, Triumph of the Will, says, "Hold a Party rally right in your own living room!" "Also available: Luftwaffe, a stirring album of marches, songs and battle sounds of the German Air Force."
Anti-Semitism Collection, Beth Ahabah Museum & Archives
Learn more: Miller, M.E. (2017). The shadow of an assassinated American Nazi commander hangs over Charlottesville. The Washington Post (August 21, 2017). Backlash to Reform: Hatred and Extremism, Social Welfare History Image Portal
An Introduction to the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan [United Klans of America pamphlet]
Pamphlet outlining the beliefs and membership requirements of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (United Klans of America). This pamphlet was produced by the Virginia Office, United Klans of America, in Chesapeake. It includes a statement by Robert M. Shelton, identified as Imperial Wizard. Excerpts: "The Knights of the Ku Klux Klan...is not now making and does not intend to make any fight on the Roman Catholic Church as a religious institutions, but it will unalterably and unequivocally oppose any move of the Catholic Church or of any other church, individual or organization which attempts to bring about a combination of church and state in these United States." "The Knights of the Ku Klux Klan is not the enemy of the negro. It opposes and will continue to oppose, the efforts of certain negro organizations and periodicals which are sowing the seeds of discontent and racial hatred among the negros of this country by preaching and teaching social equality and mongrelization of the races....we hold it is obligatory upon the negro race, and upon all othered colored races in America to recognize that they are living in the land of the white race by courtesy of the white race; and the white race cannot be expected to surrender to any other race, either in whole or in part, the control of its vital and fundamental governmental affairs." "No Jew can obtain citizenship in the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan....The constitution and regulations of the Order set forth that the living Christ is the Klansman's criterion of character. Therefore, it would be unjust to allow the Jew to enter into the fellowship with the Klavern by appealing to his patriotism, and then have him cease to attend because every meeting would be out of harmony with his religious convictions." "Be it known, that the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan was YESTERDAY, is TODAY and will FOREVER be opposed to Communism in any form and to its fellow-travelor organizations. The Knights of the Ku Klux Klan will fight to our last breath, using every means at our disposal to rid our country of this insidious plague of mankind."
Reb-Time Records, No. 1862, Oldways Pub. Co
Reb-Time Records No. 1862 by Oldways Pub. Co. This 45 RPM record contains music by "The Coon Hunters." One side is titled, "We Don't Want Niggers (In Our Schools)" and the other is "Nigger, Nigger."
Learn more: Backlash to Reform: Hatred and Extremism, Social Welfare History Image Portal
Program of the World Union of National Socialists [American Nazi Party handbill]
Two-sided handbill setting out the beliefs and purpose of the World Union of National Socialists. Signed by Lincoln Rockwell, Commander, American Nazi Party, this document states the organization's belief that Marxism is a religion promoted by the Jews. The first side of this handbill sets out a Creed, while the reverse gives an "American Program," listing actions that will be undertaken to solve various perceived problems. Using hyperbolic language to appeal to readers' sense of heroism, this manifesto states, "The only doctrine capable of such a heroic task -- the only doctrine with the proven power to fire the minds and hearts of millions of men to fight and CONQUER Jewish Bolshevism, is National Socialism -- the doctrine of IDEALISM -- the SACRIFICE of the selfish, ingrown EGO for the good of one's fellows -- the stuff of all great religions.... Therefore, we announce our purpose to be nothing less than a world-wide effort to free humanity from Jewish domination and subversion in all their forms, and the creation of the idealistic, racially realistic, socially progressive, international world ORDER which we must have, if we are to remain masters of our own planet. To this world-wide goal, we solemnly pledge our lives."