Be A Man Join the Klan [United Klans of America recruiting poster]
Recruiting poster produced by the Virginia office of the United Klans of America.
Ku Klux Klan and Christian Churches digital collection, Special Collections, William Smith Morton Library, Union Presbyterian Seminary
Union Presbyterian Seminary Library
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Learn more: Ku Klux Klan in Virginia, Encyclopedia Virginia Mapping the Second Ku Klux Klan, 1915-1940, VCU Libraries The Ku Klux Klan and Christian Churches, Union Presbyterian Seminary Library Backlash to Reform: Hatred and Extremism, Social Welfare History Image Portal
Boating Not Busing [National Socialist White Peoples Party flyer]
Anti-busing, anti-integration, anti-government flyer created by the National Socialist White Peoples Party (previously named the American Nazi Party) of Arlington, Va. Using violent antisemitic and racist speech, this flyer paints a dire picture of an integrated America if white people don't "get away from the old two-party windle and get behind a REAL political party that represents THEIR interests!" While undated, this flyer is believed to date to around 1972 during the school busing conflicts in Virginia.
Anti-Semitism Collection, Beth Ahabah Museum & Archives
Learn more: Miller, M.E. (2017). The shadow of an assassinated American Nazi commander hangs over Charlottesville. The Washington Post (August 21, 2017). Backlash to Reform: Hatred and Extremism, Social Welfare History Image Portal
White Power. The Newspaper of White Revolution, No. 24, February 1972 [National Socialist White Peoples Party publication]
Publication of the National Socialist White Peoples Party, formerly the American Nazi Party founded by George Lincoln Rockwell. Matt Koehl succeeded George Lincoln Rockwell as commander of the NSWPP after Rockwell was shot by John Patler. The cover of this 8-page newspaper declares "Busing is Genocide! Red Race-mixers Planning to Destroy White People But Whites Waking Up! Hated Buses Go Up in Smoke; Jew Mixmasters Warned: 'STOP THIS MURDER - OR YOU'LL BE NEXT TO BURN!'" [Image Description: Three neatly-dressed black elementary school boys stand in front of a Mecklenburg County, NC school bus as two white girls carrying books look on. One of the boys is speaking with a teacher. This photograph is surrounded by jagged white shapes and placed over a photograph of buses burning.] This article describes in violent racist and antisemitic language how the Aryan people of America are coming in growing numbers to the National Socialist movement under the leadership of Matt Koehl. The article continues on page 8 under the title, "Whites: Nixon Could Stop Busing." A second article shown here is "America: A Racial Mission" by Commander Matt Koehl (pages 4 - 5). Also shown is an advertisement for a subscription to White Power. "SMASH...The Paper Curtain!...Read the most dynamic, idealistic, informative newspaper in the world today! Act now! Don't miss one fact-and-action-packed issue!" An advertisement for the soundtrack of Leni Riefenstahl's 1935 German propganda film, Triumph of the Will, says, "Hold a Party rally right in your own living room!" "Also available: Luftwaffe, a stirring album of marches, songs and battle sounds of the German Air Force."
Encampment for Citizenship: a pilot program in democratic education
Publication of the Encampment for Citizenship which sets forth the need and the goals for the program. No publication date given, but text indicates a quotation dated 1953.
M 391 Box 5, Encampment for Citizenship Collection, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
Learn more: Encampment for Citizenship: Education for Democratic Living, VCU Libraries Gallery
Encampment for Citizenship brochure, 1964
Recruitment brochure for the Summer 1964 Encampment for Citizenship. The tear-off card refers to the 1933 pre-code movie "Design for Living" based on Noel Coward's play of the same name
Encampment for Citizenship recruitment materials
Tri-fold brochure and poster advertising the Summer 1990 Encampment for Citizenship
Encampment for Citizenship brochure, 1958
Recruitment brochure for the Summer 1958 Encampment for Citizenship held in Berkeley, CA and New York City.
An Introduction to the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan [United Klans of America pamphlet]
Pamphlet outlining the beliefs and membership requirements of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (United Klans of America). This pamphlet was produced by the Virginia Office, United Klans of America, in Chesapeake. It includes a statement by Robert M. Shelton, identified as Imperial Wizard. Excerpts: "The Knights of the Ku Klux Klan...is not now making and does not intend to make any fight on the Roman Catholic Church as a religious institutions, but it will unalterably and unequivocally oppose any move of the Catholic Church or of any other church, individual or organization which attempts to bring about a combination of church and state in these United States." "The Knights of the Ku Klux Klan is not the enemy of the negro. It opposes and will continue to oppose, the efforts of certain negro organizations and periodicals which are sowing the seeds of discontent and racial hatred among the negros of this country by preaching and teaching social equality and mongrelization of the races....we hold it is obligatory upon the negro race, and upon all othered colored races in America to recognize that they are living in the land of the white race by courtesy of the white race; and the white race cannot be expected to surrender to any other race, either in whole or in part, the control of its vital and fundamental governmental affairs." "No Jew can obtain citizenship in the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan....The constitution and regulations of the Order set forth that the living Christ is the Klansman's criterion of character. Therefore, it would be unjust to allow the Jew to enter into the fellowship with the Klavern by appealing to his patriotism, and then have him cease to attend because every meeting would be out of harmony with his religious convictions." "Be it known, that the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan was YESTERDAY, is TODAY and will FOREVER be opposed to Communism in any form and to its fellow-travelor organizations. The Knights of the Ku Klux Klan will fight to our last breath, using every means at our disposal to rid our country of this insidious plague of mankind."
Reb-Time Records, No. 1862, Oldways Pub. Co
Reb-Time Records No. 1862 by Oldways Pub. Co. This 45 RPM record contains music by "The Coon Hunters." One side is titled, "We Don't Want Niggers (In Our Schools)" and the other is "Nigger, Nigger."
M 342, Box 24, Edward H. Peeples, Jr. Papers, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library
Learn more: Backlash to Reform: Hatred and Extremism, Social Welfare History Image Portal
Program of the World Union of National Socialists [American Nazi Party handbill]
Two-sided handbill setting out the beliefs and purpose of the World Union of National Socialists. Signed by Lincoln Rockwell, Commander, American Nazi Party, this document states the organization's belief that Marxism is a religion promoted by the Jews. The first side of this handbill sets out a Creed, while the reverse gives an "American Program," listing actions that will be undertaken to solve various perceived problems. Using hyperbolic language to appeal to readers' sense of heroism, this manifesto states, "The only doctrine capable of such a heroic task -- the only doctrine with the proven power to fire the minds and hearts of millions of men to fight and CONQUER Jewish Bolshevism, is National Socialism -- the doctrine of IDEALISM -- the SACRIFICE of the selfish, ingrown EGO for the good of one's fellows -- the stuff of all great religions.... Therefore, we announce our purpose to be nothing less than a world-wide effort to free humanity from Jewish domination and subversion in all their forms, and the creation of the idealistic, racially realistic, socially progressive, international world ORDER which we must have, if we are to remain masters of our own planet. To this world-wide goal, we solemnly pledge our lives."
M 342, Box 13, Edward H. Peeples, Jr. Papers, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library
The Suffragette Letter Carrier [anti-suffrage postcard]
Anti-suffrage postcard showing female letter carrier opening and reading other people's mail. She is walking a small dog while going about her rounds. Caption reads, "The Suffragette Letter Carrier. Would you trust your wife as letter carrier? Honest, would you?"
I.V.76.195.05, The Valentine
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Learn more: Women's Suffrage: The Movement, Social Welfare History Project
Wearing white robes and hoods, members of the Ku Klux Klan, a right-wing extremist organization, parade on Grace Street in Richmond circa 1925. This photograph was taken at the intersection of Grace and Fifth streets, just a few blocks from the Virginia State Capitol.
Dementi Studio, Richmond
The Valentine
Klan members wave, Ku Klux Klan parade, Richmond, Va., July 1967
Black and white photograph showing a woman wearing a Ku Klux Klan robe and hood and a man wearing a military-style Klan outfit; the pair wave while riding in back of a vehicle in downtown Richmond, Va. Taken during a parade on Broad Street in support of the Klan and possibily to drum up attendance for an upcoming rally to be held by the United Klans of America in eastern Henrico County, Va.
V.2017.83.161, The Valentine
Students sing outside Beulah AME Church Parsonage, Farmville, Va., August 1963
Students sing outside Beulah AME Church Parsonage, Farmville, Va., August 1963, in protest of the closing of Prince Edward County Schools. Woman singing at left is Ernestine Land. Tony Reid stands at right.
Farmville 1963 Civil Rights Protests, VCU Libraries Digital Collections
Digital Collections, VCU Libraries
This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
Learn more: VCU Libraries Freedom Now Project Massive Resistance, Encyclopedia Virginia Program of Action: The Rev. L. Francis Griffin and the Struggle for Racial Equality in Farmville, 1963, VCU Libraries Scholars Compass.
The Woman's Suffrage [anti-suffrage postcard]
Drawing of an angry man wearing patched and ripped clothing. His suspenders and collar are unfastened, and he looks over his shoulder to examine a tear in his sleeve. The caption reads, "This is how it will be when the Woman's Suffrage get in power."
V.76.195.13, The Valentine
Learn more: Anti-suffrage, Social Welfare History Image Portal Women's Suffrage: The Movement, Social Welfare History Project
Mobilizing for Busing Protest, Richmond, Va.
Black and white photograph of people preparing for an anti-busing demonstration. A woman stands holding an American flag, and a man standing with her wears a hand-lettered anti-busing sign, "Forced bussing & consolidation of schools will lead to either [arrow points to a Nazi swastika] or [arrow points to Communist red star and a hammer and sickle.]" Other people wearing anti-busing signs mill about in front of the Richmond Coliseum. One woman's sign reads, "I'm not fussing but I will not bus. No! Merhige No!"
P.74.11.18o, The Valentine
Learn more: Busing, Social Welfare History Image Portal 3,300 Autos Driven To Capital in Protest, The New York Times, February 18, 1972. Pratt, Robert A. The Color of Their Skin: Education and Race in Richmond, Virginia, 1954-89. The Conscience of Virginia: Judge Robert R. Merhige, Jr., and the Politics of School Desegregation Bradley v. School Board of City of Richmond, Virginia, 338 F. Supp. 67 (E.D. Va. 1972)
Anti-Busing Motorcade in Washington, D.C., February 1972
Black and white photograph of a Richmond-based anti-busing motorcade passing through Washington, D.C. on 2nd Street behind the U.S. Supreme Court building. A policeman walks beside two cars. On February 17, 1972, nearly 3,300 cars traveled in a motorcade from Richmond, Virginia to Washington, DC. Despite snow, the protesters made a symbolic journey to Capitol Hill to voice their opposition to Judge Robert Merihge's ruling (Bradley v. School Board of City of Richmond, Virginia) that public schools in Richmond, Henrico County, and Chesterfield County must be consolidated. At that time, Richmond public schools were 70 per cent black while those of the two counties were about 90 per cent white. Cars in the motorcade carried red and white signs reading “Help Save Freedom” and imprinted with a picture of a little red schoolhouse.
P.74.11.18m, The Valentine
Learn more: 3,300 Autos Driven To Capital in Protest, The New York Times, February 18, 1972. Pratt, Robert A. The Color of Their Skin: Education and Race in Richmond, Virginia, 1954-89. The Conscience of Virginia: Judge Robert R. Merhige, Jr., and the Politics of School Desegregation Bradley v. School Board of City of Richmond, Virginia, 338 F. Supp. 67 (E.D. Va. 1972) Busing, Social Welfare History Image Portal
The Defenders News and Views [Newsletter]
Publication of The Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties, a grassroots political organization dedicated to preserving strict racial segregation in Virginia's public schools. The group was established in Petersburg in October 1954 following the Supreme Court decision Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas. Chapters of the group opened across the Commonwealth of Virginia. This newsletter is a folded sheet, two pages printed on both sides. The text header on the front page says, "The Defenders News and Views/Published by Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties/405-A East Franklin Street." This document reports on the annual meeting of the Defenders that was held on November 4, 1959 in Richmond, Va. During this meeting a panel of representatives from private schools (identified as "those schools which have been established for parents who do not want their children to attend the integrated public schools") spoke. Members of the panel: J. Barrye Wall, Prince Edward County Jack Crouse, Warren County Frank R. Ford, Norfolk H. P. Paden, Arlington Barry Marshall, Charlottesville Excerpt: "White citizens of Prince Edward County offered to assist the Negroes to set up schools for their children, through use of the scholarship grants and surplus property laws....Mr. Wall emphasized the fact that the NAACP is interested only in integration - not education. Their program is to integrate the schools first, then churches, hotels and every phase of society. Education in Virginia today, he stated, is controlled by the NAACP, and complete integration by 1963 is the goal."
Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties
V.2011.02.01., The Valentine
Learn more: The Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties, Encyclopedia Virginia Freedom Now Project, VCU Libraries Massive Resistance, Encyclopedia Virginia In Defense of Prince Edward County of Virginia. Speech of Hon. Harry Flood Byrd of Virginia in the Senate of the United States, Wednesday, May 17, 1961, Social Welfare History Image Portal
Anti-School Busing Protest, February 1972
Black and white photograph of a man and a woman in a car during an anti-busing motorcade to Washington, D.C. The car is driving past the U.S. Supreme Court building and has a poster taped to the driver's side door of the car. The poster is of "The Little Red School House" used as a logo by Save Our Neighborhood Schools, Inc. with the words, "Help / Save Freedom." The man leans his head out the window and smiles. On February 17, 1972, nearly 3,300 cars traveled in a motorcade from Richmond, Virginia to Washington, DC. Despite snow, the protesters made a symbolic journey to Capitol Hill to voice their opposition to Judge Robert Merihge's ruling (Bradley v. School Board of City of Richmond, Virginia) that public schools in Richmond, Henrico County, and Chesterfield County must be consolidated. At that time, Richmond public schools were 70 percent black while those of the two counties were about 90 per cent white. Cars in the motorcade carried red and white signs reading “Help Save Freedom” and imprinted with a picture of a little red schoolhouse.
P.74.11.18n, The Valentine
Invisible Empire, Knights of the Ku Klux Klan [calling card]
Calling card of the Ku Klux Klan. Text reads, "Invisible Empire / Knights of the Ku Klux Klan / YOU HAVE BEEN PATRONIZED BY THE KKK / For Free Information Write / P. O. Box 700 Shelton, CT 06484" Also printed on the card is a black and white cross within a red circle. The cross has a red drop-like shape at its center. This is a symbol that originated with the "Second Ku Klux Klan" of the early 1900s. The cross-like shape is formed by four letter "K" images arranged in a square facing outwards. In the center is a yin-yang symbol. Eventually, the four letters were re-oriented to a more vertical position, causing the symbol to look like a cross instead. At the same time, the white part of the yin-yang symbol disappeared, leaving only the colored part, which resembled a drop of blood. Today, this symbol is known as the MIOAK (an acronym for "Mystic Insignia of a Klansman") or, more commonly, the Blood Drop Cross (See ADL, Hate Symbols Database). Verso of this card has information about the mission of the Ku Klux Klan.
I.V.90.220.02, The Valentine
Ku Klux Klan Parade, Richmond, Va., 1967
Black and white photograph showing a man wearing a military-style Ku Klux Klan outfit with Klan symbol on sleeve. The man was participating in a parade on Broad Street in Richmond, Va., in support of the Klan and possibly to drum up attendance at an upcoming rally to be held by the United Klans of america in eastern Henrico County, Va. This may be a police surveillance photograph.
V.2017.83.164, The Valentine
Ku Klux Klan Rally, Henrico County, Virginia
Black and white photograph showing a Ku Klux Klan rally held near Darbytown Road in eastern Henrico County, Va. The rally, sponsored by the United Klans of America - Realm of Virginia, was held on July 4, 1967. The photograph shows a line of white robed figures walking out of the woods and processing towards the rally. Possibly a police surveillance photograph.
V.2017.83.159, The Valentine
As soon as I find a Woman Suffragist, Who is not afraid of Mice... [anti-suffrage postcard]
Anti-suffrage postcard. The front has gold lettering, with a different color for each capital letter, green, purple, red, blue, orange. Silhouettes of three mice appear at the top of the card. Text: "As soon as I find a / Woman / Suffragist, / Who is not afraid / of Mice / I'll join the / procession / and cry ---- / 'Votes for / Women'!"
I.V. 76.195.14, The Valentine
Mammy Yokum and the Great Dogpatch Mystery
This comic book reprints a fable about prejudice and racial harmony by Al Capp. The story first appeared in Capp's L'il Abner comic strip. The comic book, printed and distributed by the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, tells a fable about prejudice and racial harmony. When a family with square eyes moves into Dogpatch, the round-eyed residents form a mob to drive the newcomers away. When one of the square-eyed children is hurt, Mammy Yokum discovers that what she has in common with the new folks is more important than their differences. She stops the mob and helps her neighbors get to know the new family. Mammy Yokum declares, "We is all square shooters, so we gotta give them folks wif th' square eyes a square deal!! Th' l'il diff'runces between folks shouldn't hide th' big things thass th' same 'bout all of us!!" The foreward to this publication was written by Henry Edward Schultz, National Chairman, Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith. The postscript was written by American author, Herman Wouk.
Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith Collection, Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives
Learn more: Comics on a Mission: Educational and Public Service Comics, Social Welfare History Image Portal
Martin Luther King and the Montgomery Story
Educational comic book published by the Fellowship of Reconciliation following the success of the Montgomery Bus Boycott. The comic book advocates for the principles of nonviolence and teaches methods of nonviolent resistance. It was produced by the studio of artist Al Capp, who admired Dr. King. Civil rights activist and congressman John Lewis read and was inspired by this work as a teenager.
Resnick, Benton and Hassler, Alfred (writers) Barry, Sy (artist)
Learn more: Aydin, A. (2013). Cover Story: The comic book that changed the world. Martin Luther King and the Montgomery Story's vital role in the Civil Rights Movement. Creative Loafing. Bello, G. (2012, July 19). A Comic Book for Social Justice: John Lewis. Publishers Weekly Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR-USA). Martin Luther King and The Montgomery Story Curriculum and Study Guide Mammy Yokum and the Great Dogpatch Mystery, Social Welfare History Image Portal. Comics on a Mission: Educational and Public Service Comics, Social Welfare History Image Portal