A Practical Approach to the Race Problem. Origin and Work of the Commission on Interracial Cooperation.
A pamphlet explaining the origin and mission of the Commission on Interracial Cooperation, an organization founded in January, 1919 in Atlanta. The group sought to further "mutual understanding, peace, and good will" between the white and black communities. The group opposed lynching and mob violence, and sought to improve interracial attitudes, correct injustices and improve conditions affecting African Americans. The CIC was a moderate group that called itself a "movement" instead of an organization. "The philosophy of the movement is not that of 'seeking to solve the race problem,' but simply that of taking the next practicable step in the direction of interracial justice and good will" (p. 4).
Race Relations Pamphlets, Special Collections, William Smith Morton Library, Union Presbyterian Seminary
Copyright Undetermined. The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/
Learn more: Commission on Interracial Cooperation, Social Welfare History Image Portal Pullen, Ann Ellis (2013). "Commission on Interracial Cooperation" New Georgia Encyclopedia.
Pamphlet published by the Commission on Interracial Cooperation, an organization which opposed lynching and promoted interracial dialogue and cooperation. Described on the cover as "stories summarized from press reports," the pamphlets relates incidents in which crimes were committed by persons posing as African Americans. These imposters blackened their faces and hands with burnt cork. Other stories describe false accusations by whites, and often white women, against black men. Excerpt from p.1 "In St. Louis some time ago a robber caught with blackened face stated that there was an organized group of white bandits who always operated under the mask of color. In this way, he said, it was easy to fool the officers, and in some cases even to assist in the search for the suspected Negro and 'identify' him when caught." p. 6 "The meaning is obvious, however, as it relates to hasty judgment, hysteria, mob violence, and the assumption that every Negro is guilty who anybody seeks to accuse. It suggests also that the statistics of Negro crime, now happily changing for the better, might be further lightened if all the facts were known and the mask of color torn away."
A pamphlet addressing resistance from white Americans to racial integration. Written by the Educational Director of the Commission on Interracial Cooperation. The writer, Robert B. Eleazer, refutes the "Curse of Ham" as a justification for slavery or servitude. He also argues against popular fallacies such as "the Negro is all right in his place;" "no genuine Negro ever showed real intelligence or abillity;" "the Negro has no worthy part in American history;" "Negroes want to break down the social line between the races;" and the idea of racial superiority. Excerpt: "Nobody knows which is the superior race--or whether there be one. All we can say is that we differ in physical characteristics and in degree and kind of development....It behooves us all to be humble; to remember that we are all human beings, with mutual obligations of respect and good will."
The Doctor Looks at Child Labor. NCLC Pamphlet No. 356
A symposium edited by the NCLC. A series of statements related to the long-term health effects of child labor on children and youth. "The insidious thing about child labor is that its effects manifest themselves at the most unexpected times in later life and often in a disastrous manner....We would not permit the exploitation of a child that is precious to any one of us. Let us not, therefore, as citizens, tolerate the exploitation of other people's children." (back cover) Contributed by: C.-E. A. Winslow, Professor of Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine William R. P. Emerson Eugene L. Opie Louis I. Harris Joseph H. Bainton Alice Hamilton Haven Emerson Iago Galdston Charles Hendee Smith Max Seham Richard A. Bolt Catherine Brannick George M. Kober C. Floyd Haviland S. W. Wynne Statement titles: Chronic Fatigue; Hidden Infections; Physical Unfitness; Years of Growth; Poison Trades; Cardiacs Without Symptoms; Colts in Harness; Monotony Exacts Its Price; "Papers! All the Evenin' Papers!"; Young Nomads; When the Hand Slips; When Working Conditions are Bad; Undernourished Minds.
Winslow, C. -E. A. (Charles-Edward Amory), 1877-1957
Child Labor Pamphlets, 1908 - 1935, No. 43, digital collection, William Smith Morton Library, Union Presbyterian Seminary
The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/
Need of Compulsory Education in the South [NCLC Pamphlet No. 192]
Pamphlet by W.H. Hand, State High School Inspector, Columbia, South Carolina. Reprint from the Child Labor Bulletin, 1/1, June 1912. Includes data from the 1910 U.S. Census. Excerpts: p. 6 "...in a democracy where manhood suffrage practically prevails, institutional life is exposed to tremendous dangers when twelve per cent. of the voting population are unable to read the names printed on the ballots they are supposed to cast intelligently for the government of the State. Ignorance stands for narrowness, bigotry, selfishness and stagnation ; intelligence stands for liberty, liberality, tolerance, sympathy and growth. We must choose between the two." p. 8 "The material prosperity of the present South is one of the marvels of modern times. The faith and courage with which our people rebuilt their ruined homes, reclaimed their neglected fields, bridged the rivers, tunneled the mountains, built factories and constructed railroads challenge the admiration of the civilized world. In that struggle to rise from the ashes the greatest hindrance has been our load of illiteracy, and to-day it is our heaviest burden." p. 8 "Who are these illiterate white children of the South, and why are they not in school?" p. 9 "Argument against the right of the State to send a chld to school is specious and superficial. Those who make such argument would not for one moment deny the right of the State to compel the parent to vaccinate his child, to compel the parent to feed and clothe his child, or to compel him to fight for his country, and to shoot him if he deserted. The State has the right to carry the law-breaking child to the reformatory or to jail to protect society. Has not the State as much right to carry the child to the schoolhouse to save him from the reformatory or the jail and to train him to benefit society?" p. 12 "Temporizing patriots, with one ear listening to the call of duty and the other listening to the hostile rabble, declare for compulsory education when pressed to take a stand, but they usually add that the people are not quite ready for it." p. 12 "The argument against compulsory education on account of the negro has been worn threadbare ; surely the time has come to let it drop....Is it wise or expedient to permit thousands of white boys and girls to grow up in ignorance, lest in forcing them to school we should awaken the aspirations of the negro child? Shall we remain ignorant in order to encourage the negro to remain ignorant? Is it better for white and black to remain ignorant than to have both intelligent? The only logical conclusion to such argument is that the ignorant white man can compete successfully with the ignorant negro, but that the educated white man cannot compete with the educated negro. Then what becomes of the boasted superiority of the white man? Has the white man so nearly reached the zenith of his possibilities that he cannot keep well in advance of the ambitious negro?" (For similar arguments with regard to woman suffrage, see The Negro Vote in the South.)
Child Labor Pamphlets, 1908-1935. No. 84, digital collection, William Smith Morton Library, Union Presbyterian Seminary
William Smith Morton Library, Union Presbyterian Seminary
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"Child Labor" Legislation [Anti- Child labor legislation pamphlet]
Pamphlet by John F. Schenck, Chairman of the Legislative Committee of the North Carolina Cotton Manufacturers' Association, arguing against legal protections for child workers in cotton mills and other Southern industries. Excerpts: p. 6-7 "UNTRAMMELED AND WHOLESOME COMPETITION AMONG THE MANUFACTURERS THEMSELVES HAS AMELIORATED THE CONDITIONS OF TEXTILE LABORERS, AND ADDED MORE TO THEIR WELFARE IN THE LAST TWENTY-FIVE YEARS THAN LABOR LEGISLATION CAN EVER ACCOMPLISH, BUT NOT A WHIT MORE THAN A LITTLE HASTY AND UNCALLED-FOR LEGISLATION CAN UNDO." p.8 "The fact that this child labor movement craze may have accomplished some things, seemingly good, in other States, and has captured a large following throughout this nation, is no conclusive proof of great and wonderful merit. Nor is it sufficient reason for any respectable class of North Carolinians to surrender in despair their individuality, and tamely submit to the humiliation of being singled out from other classes, and at the instance of a foreign-born organization of agitators, be regulated by penal statutes and inspected by government spies. This State is a sovereign and independent organization , so far as the questions at issue are concerned. It is slow to adopt foolish and tyrannical fads. It has never burned women for witchcraft nor persecuted men for their religious beliefs, as have some States who would presume to teach us humanity." p. 12 "The doctrine that children should not labor is new; and practical men do not believe a word of it." p. 13 "The manufacturers of this State not only profess an interest in child welfare, but the practice it. They are epecially interested in the educational idea. As evidence of it, we point to the excellent schools which are built and maintained by most of the mills for the benefit of their employees' children and espcially to the resolution of our last Spinners' Association endorsing Compulsory Education. Why not by law compel every child, whether at a factory, or on a farm, or in a city, to attend school regulary?"
Schenck, John F. (John Franklin), 1865-1945
Child Labor Pamphlets, 1908-1935. No. 155, digital collection, William Smith Morton Library, Union Presbyterian Seminary
North Carolina Cotton Manufacturers' Association (also called North Carolina Spinners' Association)
Learn more: Child Labor, Social Welfare History Project Child Labor, Social Welfare History Image Portal Dawley, Thomas Robinson (c.1912). The Child That Toileth Not. Harvard Library. Open Collections Program.
Some Constitutional Aspects of the Child Labor Amendment [Anti- Child Labor Amendment materials]
Materials sent to pastors in the Presbyterian Church in the United States (PCUS), urging them to contact their state representatives to oppose ratification of the Child Labor Amendment, which was adopted by Congress in 1924. Included are a note from Rev. William Crowe of the Westminster Presbyterian Church in Saint Louis, Mo; a letter from Sterling E. Edmunds, Director of the Missouri Committee for the Protection of Child, Family, School and Church; and a pamphlet produced by the Sentinels of the Republic containing an address titled, "Some Constitutional Aspects of the Child Labor Amendment" by Sterling E. Edmunds. Sterling Edmunds begins his cover letter, "Dear Sir: A well-financed organized lobby, under the direction of the women of the Labor Department in Washington, will storm your Legislature at Richmond on January 10, 1934, and seek immediate ratification of the so-called Child Labor Amendment, before its dangerous import can become known." In the pamphlet, Edmunds argues that term "labor" in the amendment also refers to mental labor such as takes place by students in school. He states that the Child Labor Amendment would therefore allow Congress to take control of all public and private schools. This, he claims, is socialism. The Sentinels of the Republic was a national organization that opposed what it saw as federal encroachment on the rights of the States and of the individual. The group was highly active in the 1920s and 1930s, during which it worked against child labor legislation and the New Deal. The Child Labor Amendment is a proposed amendment to the U.S. Constitution that was adopted by the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate in 1924, but never ratified by the required number of U.S. state legislatures. Excerpts: Pamphlet p. 4 "It is this aspect of the so-called Child Labor Amendment which, in my opinion, would give to Congress ultimate control over all education, public as well as private, with respect to persons up to their 18th year. And from my search into the history of the activities of the women who founded and have directed the federal Children's Bureau, and who drafted this amendment, I am convinced that is one of their objects. This is a piece of socialism, which would alter the underlying principles of our free system of government. I view the Amendment as treason to the unrepresented and voiceless millions of today and of the future who will be deprived by it of their constitutional rights and regimented under a socialistic tyranny."
Edmunds, Sterling E., 1880-1944 Crowe, William
Child Labor Pamphlets, 1908 - 1935 digital collection, William Smith Morton Library, Union Presbyterian Seminary
Learn more: Child Labor Amendment, Social Welfare History Image Portal "A Needed Amendment To Restrict Child Labor" The Nation. January, 1934. Social Welfare History Project Child Labor, Social Welfare History Project
Child Labor in Virginia. NCLC Pamphlet No. 171
Pamphlet by Alexander Jeffrey McKelway, Secretary for the Southern States, National Child Labor Committee. With photographs by Lewis W. Hine, staff photographer for the NCLC. Lewis Hine made a photographic investigation of child labor in Virginia in May and June of 1911. This pamphlet discusses the extent of child labor in the state where children were employed in cotton, silk and knitting mills, coal mines, cigarette factories, glass factories, shoe factories, and as newsboys, messenger boys, and actors on stage. Excerpts: p.3-4 "The cotton mills have often put themselves forward as patrons of education. The figures of the Federal Bureau of Labor do not bear out this claim. The Census shows that 9 per cent. of the white children ten to fourteen years of age throughout the state are illiterate. In the cotton mills 70 per cent. of the children under fourteen were found to be illiterate by the agents of the Bureau of Labor, a greater percentage than are to be found, even in the cotton mill families of any other state, north or south." p.5 "...there was no necessity for the labor of these children under fourteen; while it is admitted by all philanthropic agencies that even if there were in individual cases such need, the last expedient that should be adopted is the putting of the burden of family support upon the shoulders of the immature child." p. 9 "It is true, therefore, that a large majority of the industries of Virginia do not employ children under fourteen, and these establishments should be protected from the competition of the child-employing industries, which are here mentioned and illustrated."
Child Labor Pamphlets, 1908 - 1935, No. 68, digital collection, William Smith Morton Library, Union Presbyterian Seminary
Learn more: Alexander Jeffrey McKelway, 1866-1918, Documenting the American South. From Dictionary of North Carolina Biography edited by William S. Powell. Child Labor, Social Welfare History Project National Child Labor Committee, Social Welfare History Project Lewis Wickes Hine: Documentary Photographs, 1905 - 1938, New York Public Library Digital Collections
An Introduction to the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan [United Klans of America pamphlet]
Pamphlet outlining the beliefs and membership requirements of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (United Klans of America). This pamphlet was produced by the Virginia Office, United Klans of America, in Chesapeake. It includes a statement by Robert M. Shelton, identified as Imperial Wizard. Excerpts: "The Knights of the Ku Klux Klan...is not now making and does not intend to make any fight on the Roman Catholic Church as a religious institutions, but it will unalterably and unequivocally oppose any move of the Catholic Church or of any other church, individual or organization which attempts to bring about a combination of church and state in these United States." "The Knights of the Ku Klux Klan is not the enemy of the negro. It opposes and will continue to oppose, the efforts of certain negro organizations and periodicals which are sowing the seeds of discontent and racial hatred among the negros of this country by preaching and teaching social equality and mongrelization of the races....we hold it is obligatory upon the negro race, and upon all othered colored races in America to recognize that they are living in the land of the white race by courtesy of the white race; and the white race cannot be expected to surrender to any other race, either in whole or in part, the control of its vital and fundamental governmental affairs." "No Jew can obtain citizenship in the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan....The constitution and regulations of the Order set forth that the living Christ is the Klansman's criterion of character. Therefore, it would be unjust to allow the Jew to enter into the fellowship with the Klavern by appealing to his patriotism, and then have him cease to attend because every meeting would be out of harmony with his religious convictions." "Be it known, that the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan was YESTERDAY, is TODAY and will FOREVER be opposed to Communism in any form and to its fellow-travelor organizations. The Knights of the Ku Klux Klan will fight to our last breath, using every means at our disposal to rid our country of this insidious plague of mankind."
Ku Klux Klan and Christian Churches digital collection, Special Collections, William Smith Morton Library, Union Presbyterian Seminary
Union Presbyterian Seminary Library
Learn more: Ku Klux Klan in Virginia, Encyclopedia Virginia Mapping the Second Ku Klux Klan, 1915-1940, VCU Libraries The Ku Klux Klan and Christian Churches, Union Presbyterian Seminary Library Backlash to Reform: Hatred and Extremism, Social Welfare History Image Portal
Be A Man Join the Klan [United Klans of America recruiting poster]
Recruiting poster produced by the Virginia office of the United Klans of America.
Letter from Rev. John Kirstein to Aubrey Brown, Jr. , August 22, 1963
Letter to Aubrey Brown, Jr., editor of The Presbyterian Outlook, from Rev. John A. Kirstein, associate editor of the Presbyterian Survey, in opposition to the PCUS statement to the National Council of Churches.
Aubrey Brown Jr. personal papers collection. March on Washington 1963 digital collection, Special Collections, William Smith Morton Library, Union Presbyterian Seminary
Learn more: Hansan, John E., March on Washington, D.C. for Jobs and Freedom August 28, 1963, Social Welfare History Project The March (1963) [film], Social Welfare History Project March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom [tri-fold publicity flyer], Social Welfare History Image Portal
Presbyterian Church in the United States (PCUS) press release, August 22, 1963
Press release from the headquarters of the Presbyterian Church in the United States (commonly known as the Southern Presbyterian Church) in Atlanta, GA, dated 22 Aug 1963. It announces the official resistance of the PCUS to participation in the March on Washington. It includes the full text of the statement sent to the National Council of Churches stating that the PCUS is "unable to cooperate" with the NCC's Commission on Religion and Race calling for participation. Includes a memo from Bill Lamkin, who sent this text to Aubrey Brown, Jr. for inclusion in the Presbyterian Outlook, the primary news publication of the PCUS since 1944. Aubrey Brown, Jr. served as manager and editor of Presbyterian Outlook for 35 years.
Presbyterian Church in the United States (PCUS)
March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom [tri-fold publicity flyer]
Tri-fold flyer encouraging all Americans to join the March on Washington which would take place on Wednesday, August 28, 1963. Text on front page: "The time is NOW for all Americans Black and White to join the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. A call to action by James Farmer, Martin Luther King, John Lewis, A. Philip Randolph, Roy Wilkins, Whitney Young. Wednesday, August 28, 1963." Text from inside flyer: "America faces a crisis... Millions of citizens are unemployed... Millions are denied freedom... The twin evils of discrimination and exonomic deprivation plague the nation. They rob all people, Negro and white, of dignity, self-respect and freedom. They impose a special burden up the Negro who is denied the right to vote, refused access to public accommodations, forced to accept inferior education and relegated to sub-standard ghetto housing. One hundred years after the Emancipation Proclamation, the American Negro still bears the brunt of economic exploitation, the indignity of second-class citizenship, and ignominy of slave wages. The rate of Negro unemployment is almost three times higher than that of white workers, breeding misery, frustration and degradation in every community -- North and South. Discrimination in education and in apprenticeship training renders Negroes, Puerto Ricans and other minorities helpless in our mechanized, industrial society. Shunted to relief, to charity, or to living by their wits, the jobless are driven to despair, to crime, to hatred and to violence. Yet, despite this crisis... Southern Democrats and reactionary Republicans in Congress are still working to defeat any effective civil rights legislation. They fight against the rights of all workers and minority groups. They are the sworn enemies of freedom and justice. They proclaim states rights in order to destroy human rights. The Southern Democrats came to power by disenfranchising the Negro people. They know that as long as black workers are voteless, exploited, depressed and underpaid the fight of white workers for decent wages and working conditions will fail. They know that semi-slavery for one means semi-slavery for all. We oppose these forces. We appeal for unity to destroy this century-long hoax.... We call upon all Americans, regardless of race or creed to join the March on Washington for freedom. To demand that Congress pass a civil rights bill that will restore the constitutional rights now denied the Negro people. To assure neither watering down, nor compromise, nor filibuster against civil rights legislation by either political party. To offer a great witness to the basic moral principle of human equality and brotherhood. We call upon all Americans, regardless of race or creed to join the March on Washington for jobs. In their historic non-violent revolt for freedom, the Negro people are demanding the right to decent jobs -- recognizing that their struggle is inextricably linked with the struggle for decent jobs for all Americans. They know that, in the long run, there is no way for Negroes to win and hold jobs unless the problems of automation, a stagnant economy, and discrimination are solved; therefore, the Federal government must establish a massive works program to train and employ all Americans at decent wages and at meaningful and dignified labor. ------- We call upon you and upon all organizations -- churches, fraternal societies, labor unions, civil groups, youth groups and professional associations -- to accelerate the dynamic, non-violent thrust of the civil rights revolution by joining The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom To restore economic Freedom to all in this nation To blot out once and for all the scourge of racial discrimination The time is NOW"
March on Washington 1963, Special Collections, William Smith Morton Library, Union Presbyterian Seminary
Learn more: Hansan, John E., March on Washington, D.C. for Jobs and Freedom August 28, 1963, Social Welfare History Project The March (1963) [film], Social Welfare History Project March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom [publicity flyer], Social Welfare History Image Portal
Southern Christian Leadership Conference Newsletter, (Vol. 1, No. 12), September 1963
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) newsletter published weeks after the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. The newsletter reports on the March and also reports on the upcoming 7th Annual conference to take place at Virginia Union University in Richmond, Virginia, September 24 - 27, 1963. As president of the SCLC, Martin Luther King, Jr. attended the conference and spoke on the final evening.
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
Copyright Southern Christian Leadership Conference. This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
George Lincoln Rockwell, Richmond, Va., July 4, 1963 [publicity flyer]
A flyer promoting an appearance by George Lincoln Rockwell, founder of the American Nazi Party, in Richmond, Virginia on July 4, 1963. The rally was to intended to motivate opposition to the March on Washington that would take place on August 28, 1963. Rockwell spoke in front of City Hall in Richmond. Rockwell's white supremacist activism was influenced by Senator Joseph McCarthy. Rockwell equated "race-mixing" with Communism. He was also anti-semitic. Rockwell ran an unsuccessful campaign for Governor of Virginia in 1965. Mills E. Godwin, Jr. won the governorship with 296,526 of the 562,789 votes cast. Rockwell received 5,730 votes, coming in fourth behind Godwin, A. Linwood Holton, Jr. and William J. Story Jr. Rockwell was murdered in 1967 by a recently expelled member of the American Nazi Party. This flyer was folded in half for distribution. The two half-sized images appeared on the outside. Once opened, there were three full-sized pages of text inside.
Aubrey Brown Jr. personal papers collection. March on Washington 1963 digital collection. Special Collections, William Smith Morton Library, Union Presbyterian Seminary
Learn more: Backlash to Reform: Hatred and Extremism, Social Welfare History Image Portal Miller, M.E. (2017). The shadow of an assassinated American Nazi commander hangs over Charlottesville. The Washington Post (August 21, 2017). Roosevelt, E. (1939). Keepers of Democracy, from The Virginia Quarterly Review (Winter 1939), Social Welfare History Project Hansan, John E., March on Washington, D.C. for Jobs and Freedom August 28, 1963, Social Welfare History Project The March (1963) [film], Social Welfare History Project March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom [publicity flyer], Social Welfare History Image Portal
March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom [publicity flyer]
The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom took place on 28 August 1963. An estimated 250,000 people attended the massive, peaceful rally, while many more watched the dramatic events live on television. This flyer reads: "An Appeal to You from Mathew Ahmann Eugene Carson Blake James Farmer Martin Luther King, Jr. John Lewis Isaiah Minkoff A. Philip Randolph Walter Reuther Roy Wilkins Whitney Young to MARCH on WASHINGTON Wednesday August 28, 1963 America faces a crisis ... Millions of Negroes are denied freedom ... Millions of citizens, black and white, are unemployed ... We demand: -- Meaningful Civil Rights Laws -- Massive Federal Works Program -- Full and Fair Employment -- Decent Housing -- The Right to Vote -- Adequate Integrated Education In your community, groups are mobilizing for the March. You can get information on how to go to Washington by calling civil rights organizations, religious organizations, trade unions, fraternal organizations and youth groups. National Office -- MARCH ON WASHINGTON FOR JOBS AND FREEDOM 170 West 130 Street New York 27 FI 8-1900 Cleveland Robinson, Chairman, Administrative Committee Bayard Rustin, Deputy Director
Children painting, Josephine Newbury Demonstration Kindergarten, Richmond, Va.
Two children wearing paint smocks to protect their clothing, paint pictures at easels. Before the Newbury Center opened in 1957, there was no education available in a school setting in Richmond or the surrounding counties for children younger than five. Preschool itself was an innovative concept then. This new purpose-built facility was created to become a model preschool for the training of teachers and the design of innovative curriculum. Professor Josephine Newbury of the Presbyterian School of Christian Education, Richmond, Va., established the school. The professional images in this collection are the work of the Dementi Studios, one of Richmond's foremost portrait and documentary photographers. The series was made shortly after the Demonstration Kindergarten opened in 1957. They present an idealized image of childhood experience, social expectations, and gender roles, as well as the educational philosophy and methods of the time.
Dementi Studios, Richmond, Va.
Josephine Newbury Demonstration Kindergarten Collection, Special Collections, William Smith Morton Library, Union Presbyterian Seminary
Copyright Dementi Studios, used by permission This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
Learn more: The Place of Kindergarten in Child-Saving: 1900, Social Welfare History Project The Kindergarten as a Child-Saving Work, Social Welfare History Project Kindergartens: A History (1886), Social Welfare History Image Portal
Children play in a pretend grocery store, Josephine Newbury Demonstration Kindergarten, Richmond, Va.
Four children are shown playing in a pretend grocery store. One boy uses a play phone and writes a message; a girl retrieves items from the shelves; another girl pretends to check out while a boy uses a toy cash register to ring up the sale. The Newbury Center was fully accredited by the Virginia State Department of Education as a kindergarten and as a training venue for teacher certification. Summer training workshops were attended by students from 13 Virginia universities. Education majors from VCU and VUU could do their student teaching there. Nurses in training in pediatrics at Richmond Memorial, MCV and Johnston-Willis hospitals came to fulfill their requirements in education and socialization of the young child. The building included a mirrored glass panel running the full length of one wall in the main classroom, behind which up to 20 visitors could observe the children and their teachers. The observation room was soundproofed and air-conditioned. A microphone and speaker system made it possible to listen to the activities in the classroom. This facility was considered very advanced for its time; it was modeled after the teacher training lab at the University of Maryland. Before the Newbury Center opened in 1957, there was no education available in a school setting in Richmond or the surrounding counties for children younger than five. The photographs in this series present an idealized image of childhood experience, social expectations, and gender roles, as well as the educational philosophy and methods of the time.
Boys using carpentry tools, Josephine Newbury Demonstration Kindergarten, Richmond, Va.
Three young boys stand around a sawhorse using hammer and saw at the Josephine Newbury Demonstration Kindergarten, Richmond, VA. Before the Newbury Center opened in 1957, there was no education available in a school setting in Richmond or the surrounding counties for children younger than five. Preschool itself was an innovative concept then. This new purpose-built facility was created to become a model preschool for the training of teachers and the design of innovative curriculum. Professor Josephine Newbury of the Presbyterian School of Christian Education, Richmond, Va., established the school. The professional images in this collection are the work of the Dementi Studios, one of Richmond's foremost portrait and documentary photographers. The series was made shortly after the Demonstration Kindergarten opened in 1957. They present an idealized image of childhood experience, social expectations, and gender roles, as well as the educational philosophy and methods of the time.
A visitor teaches children about her home in India, Josephine Newbury Demonstration Kindergarten, Richmond, Va.
A woman in traditional Indian clothing teaches children about her home in India. She points to a globe as children gather around her and look on. Before the Newbury Center opened in 1957, there was no education available in a school setting in Richmond or the surrounding counties for children younger than five. Preschool itself was an innovative concept then. This new purpose-built facility was created to become a model preschool for the training of teachers and the design of innovative curriculum. Professor Josephine Newbury of the Presbyterian School of Christian Education, Richmond, Va., established the school. The professional images in this collection are the work of the Dementi Studios, one of Richmond's foremost portrait and documentary photographers. The series was made shortly after the Demonstration Kindergarten opened in 1957. They present an idealized image of childhood experience, social expectations, and gender roles, as well as the educational philosophy and methods of the time.
Children learning about corn, Josephine Newbury Demonstration Kindergarten, Richmond, Va.
Josephine Newbury teaching children about corn and other plants at the Josephine Newbury Demonstration Kindergarten, Richmond, Va. Before the Newbury Center opened in 1957, there was no education available in a school setting in Richmond or the surrounding counties for children younger than five. Preschool itself was an innovative concept then. This new purpose-built facility was created to become a model preschool for the training of teachers and the design of innovative curriculum. Professor Josephine Newbury of the Presbyterian School of Christian Education, Richmond, Va., established the school. The professional images in this collection are the work of the Dementi Studios, one of Richmond's foremost portrait and documentary photographers. The series was made shortly after the Demonstration Kindergarten opened in 1957. They present an idealized image of childhood experience, social expectations, and gender roles, as well as the educational philosophy and methods of the time.
Annie Holland, Age 17, Seventeenth Street Mission, Richmond, VA
Photograph on postcard of a young African American woman named Annie Holland, standing in front of the Seventeenth Street Mission in Richmond, VA. Se wears a long dress with a jacket. Her hands are clasped behind her back. Notes on the front of the card give her age as 17 and note her many accomplishments in a single year of study. They read: "17th St. Mission Richmond, Va. Annie Holland Age - 17. Has recited twice, perfectly, wk. apart. C[hild's] Cat[echism] 145 q[uestions] Sh[orter] Cat[echism] 25 q[uestions] Lords Prayer Beatitudes A[postles] Creed 10 Com[mandments] Is 53 I Cor 13 Eccl 12 Matt 5.6.7 Ps 1, 15, 19, 23 91, 100, 121 ---------------- All within 12 months"
Seventeenth Street Mission Collection, Special Collections, William Smith Morton Library, Union Presbyterian Seminary
Young boy, Seventeenth Street Mission, Richmond, VA
Photograph of young African American boy in winter coat and cap standing outside the Seventeenth Street Mission in Richmond, VA. What appears to be snow is visible on the ground. Note on back: "2/23/14 17th St Mission Richmond Va." Round stamp on back: "Printed by Photo Dept. G.L. Hall Optical Co. ?? Richmond, VA" At one time, G. L. Hall Optical Co. was located at 211 East Broad Street in Richmond.
Volunteer staff, Seventeenth Street Mission, 1915
Postcard photo of the volunteer staff from Union Theological Seminary in Virginia, the General Assembly's Training School, and probably others. Reverse of postcard contains message to W. G. Somerville from M. M. Grey. "3/22/15 Glad to hear from you and hope to reply shortly. This picture was taken at 17th St a week ago yesterday. Wish you cd have been with us yesterday. Best rally day we ever had. Scholars 406 Teachers 28 -------------- 434 Coll $4.15 Hope you are getting on OK. I am eager for summer to come. Got [burned?] out a west [wood?] Friday, but OK now. M.M.G."
Students from Seventeenth Street Mission with Murray Grey, the Rev. John Little, Webster Rhoads, Owsley Sanders
Students from Seventeenth Street Mission, Richmond, VA Caption on front: "Taken 4/11/15 X John Little from Louisville" Card addressed to W. G. Somerville and postmarked April 16, 1915 Note on back identifies 1) Murray Grey - Superintendent (misspelled "Gray") 2) Webster Rhoads - Grace St. Church 3) Owsley Sanders - Grace St. Church Note: the Rev. John Little directed especially successful settlement houses serving African Americans in Louisville, KY. In 1911, students from Union Theological Seminary in Virginia (Later, Union Presbyterian Seminary) started an urban ministry outreach program in the most impoverished neighborhood of Richmond, VA. The Seventeenth Street Mission functioned as a settlement house, offering laundry facilities and showers, meals, a clothing closet, classes in sewing, carpentry and other skills. The Sunday School program focused on the memorization of Bible verses, catechisms and the Lord's Prayer. In 1914, students from the General Assembly's Training School (later, the Presbyterian School of Christian Education) joined in as teachers and volunteers, and the effort became largely staffed by women.
1915 April 11 (photograph) 1915 April 16 (postmark)
Learn more: Little, John (1909) The Presbyterian Colored Missions. Louisville. Gaines, Miriam (1933). The John Little Missions of Louisville, Kentucky. Southern Workman, LXII (April), 161-170.