Errand Boys, Child Labor Street Permit #254 [pinback button]
description: Child labor street permit. This pinback button for an errand boy was issued in 1929. Variant state seal with armored Virtus and mountains in the distance.
creator: Department of Labor and Industry, Commonwealth of Virginia
source: M 9, Box 230, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1929
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: All content created by the VCU Libraries faculty and staff on the VCU Libraries Social Welfare History Image Portal is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). If you have questions, contact us.
relation: Learn more: Child Labor, Social Welfare History Project Children Who Labor - film (1912), Social Welfare History Project

What the Employers of America Can Do for the Disabled Soldiers & Sailors
description: Issued by the Federal Board for Vocational Education, Washington, D.C.; Series: Monograph ; no. 3.; Vocational Rehabilitation Series ; no. 3 "The great American Congress felt the pulse of the Nation. It has charged the Federal Board for Vocational Education with the specific task of reeducating, retraining all disabled soldiers and sailors to take their place in the world as independent, self-supporting citizens. YOU, the employers of America, are charged with the duty of cooperation." Federal Board for Vocational Education Members: David F. Houston, Chairman, Secretary of Agriculture James P. Munroe, Vice Chairman, Manufacture and Commerce William C. Redfield, Secretary of Commerce Charles A. Greathouse, Agriculture William B. Wilson, Secretary of Labor Arthur E. Holder, Labor P. P. Claxton, Commissioner of Education Executive Staff: Layton S. Hawkins, Chief Vocational Education Division Charles H. Winslow, Chief Research Division J. A. C. Chandler, Chief Rehabilitation Division Lewis H. Capris, Assistant Director for Industrial Education F. G. Nichols, Assistant Director for Commercial Education Josephine T. Berry, Assistant Director for Home Economics Education W. H. Hummel, Assistant Director for Agricultural Education Compare the cover illustration to this poster titled, "Keep'em Smiling!"
creator: United States. Federal Board for Vocational Education.
source: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
publisher: Government publication
date: 1918 November
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Disability Rights & Universal Design, Social Welfare History Project

Begin at the Beginning
description: Pamphlet advocating for compulsory kindergarten as a means to Americanization. Written by Philander Priestly Claxton, former United States Commissioner of Education, and David Starr Jordan, Chancellor Emeritus, Leland Stanford Junior University. Excerpt: "THE CHILD IS THE FATHER OF THE MAN The way to 'Americanize' foreigners as well as the native born is to commence at the beginning or as near there as possible. The idea of a kindergarten, like that of any other form of garden, is to give proper culture and to give it early, when it is most needed. The most important duty of any people is to care for its children. In the schools of today the future of the nation is written. And to the kindergarten all higher schools must look for the initiative of their work. All other forms of 'national defense' dwindle into impertinent insignificance when compared with the training of the children."
creator: Claxton, P. P.
source: M 9 Box 103 Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
publisher: National Kindergarten Association
date: [1921?]
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Kindergartens: A History - 1886, Social Welfare History Project Americanization, Social Welfare History Project

Bread and Roses [suffrage postcard]
description: Postcard with poem promoting Woman Suffrage. Text reads: Bread and Roses, by James Oppenheim As we come marching, marching, we bring the Greater Days -- The rising of the Women means the rising of the race -- No more the drudge and idler -- Ten that toil where one reposes-- But a sharing of life's glories: Bread and Roses, Bread and Roses. Note at bottom: "Published through courtesy of the American Magazine and Mr. Oppenheim by the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia. Design by Adele Clark. Copyright 1912 by Equal Suffrage League of Virginia."
creator: Oppenheim, James (text) Clarke, Adele (design)
source: M 9 Box 55 Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
publisher: Equal Suffrage League of Virginia
date: 1912
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Suffrage in the South: The Poll Tax, Social Welfare History Project Suffrage in the South Part II: The One Party System, Social Welfare History Project Women's Suffrage: The Movement, Social Welfare History Project

Linked Together By the Law [suffrage postcard by May Wilson Preston]
description: Oversized postcard illustrated by May Wilson Preston, 1911 (signed). Image Description: Editorial cartoon captioned, "LINKED TOGETHER BY THE LAW" shows a convict, a woman, a child, and an intellectually disabled man standing in a row, shackled together. The balls at the end of the chains that bind them read "The Law." On the card's reverse: "In Virginia all citizens are allowed to vote except criminals, idiots, insane people, and women and children."
source: M 9 Box 55 Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: after 1911
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Suffrage, Social Welfare History Image Portal Learn more: Wielding the Pen: Editorial Cartooning for Social Reform, Social Welfare History Image Portal Suffrage, Social Welfare History Image Portal Women cartoonists, Social Welfare History Image Portal Suffrage in the South: The Poll Tax, Social Welfare History Project Suffrage in the South Part II: The One Party System, Social Welfare History Project

Sketch of Work done by Home Teacher for the Virginia Commission [Hattie Chambers Wills]
description: Draft of a biographical sketch of Black educator for the blind, Hattie Chambers Wills, who was herself blind. Includes some editor's marks and several paragraphs of additional material written at least partially in shorthand. Hattie Chambers is listed as "Blind Girls' Supervisor" in the First Bienniel Report of the Virginia State School for Colored Deaf and Blind Children, Newport News, Virginia. Wills died Nov. 17, 1967 and was interred at Pleasant Shade Cemetery in Hampton, Va. Text: Sketch of Work done by Home Teacher for the Virginia Commission. This Picture shows Mrs. Hattie C. Wills Who For the passed year has worked as Home Teacher for the Virginia Commission for the Adult Blind. Her statistical report from August 15th 1923 to June 15th 1924 Shows Calls made on the blind 1014. Lessons given the blind. 1253. Reading and writing 388 Industrial. 865. Her classes are instructed in Revise Braille Reading Moon Type Reading. Pencil writing. Hand and Machine Sewing. Rug Weaving. Basket weaving. Chair Canning and Split Weaving. Crocheting and Knitting. Music Practical House keeping and cooking. She has organized Clubs which are doing good work to help brighten the lives of the Adult. Blind. Mrs. Wills Formerly, Hattie Chambers. Was born in Lynchburg Va. [A]t the age of three years. She was deprived of sight from illness. She was educated in the school for the Deaf and Blind. at Raleigh N.C. After leaving school She worked among sighted people . As a successf ful Music teacher.. In 1910 She was employed in the State School for the Blind at NewportNews Va. As instructor in the industrial department for the Blind. Which position she held untill[sic] 1920.. When She was compell to resign .. Because of over worked nerves..In 1913 She was married to A man with perfect sight. Mrs. wills Truly lives A normal life. She does all of her house work And cooking with out help. In spite of her handycap. She can be classed as A woman. who has made good. When asked what she contribute…
source: M 12 Box 1, Lucian Louis Watts papers 1921-1960, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: c. 1924
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/ Acknowledgment of VCU Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Conner, G. J. (2022). The Education of Deaf and Blind African Americans in Virginia, 1909-2008. Social Welfare History Project Virginia State School for Colored Deaf and Blind Children, Newport News, Virginia. First Biennial Report. 1909-10 to 1910-11. Social Welfare History Image Portal.

Virginia State School for Colored Deaf and Blind Children, Newport News, Virginia. First Biennial Report. 1909-10 to 1910-11
description: The First Biennial Report (Second and Third Annual Reports) of the Virginia State School for Colored Deaf and Blind Children at Newport News, Virginia. For the fiscal years ending September 30, 1910 and September 30, 1911. Report of the Superintendent. The Virginia State School opened in 1909. William C. Ritter (white) was the school's first superintendent. His wife, Leslie H. Ritter served as Matron. Teachers for the Deaf are listed as R. Aumon Bass and Miss Mary A. Scott. Teachers for the Blind are listed as Miss Laura Britt and P. Jensen Stevens. Other staff include Hattie Chambers (later, Wills), a Black Virginian who taught at the school until 1920 and later served as Home Teacher for the Virginia Commission for the Blind. The biennial report includes photographs of the school's buildings, the Board of Visitors, and student instruction.
creator: Ritter, William C.
source: M 12 Box 3, Lucian Louis Watts papers 1921-1960, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1911
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/ Acknowledgment of VCU Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Conner, G. J. (2022). The Education of Deaf and Blind African Americans in Virginia, 1909-2008. Social Welfare History Project Opening of the Virginia State School for Colored Deaf and Blind Children, 1909. The Times-Dispatch, August 15, 1909 in Social Welfare History Project Sketch of Work done by Home Teacher for the Virginia Commission [Hattie Chambers Wills] in Social Welfare History Image Portal Deafness in Social Welfare History Project Disability in Social Welfare History Image Portal

Virginia School for the Blind, Charlottesville, Virginia
subject: View entire document as an accessible PDF
description: "The intent and purpose of this leaflet is to acquaint its readers with the immediate importance of the Virginia General Assembly making an appropriation sufficient to build and operate the Virginia School for the Blind at Charlottesville." (p.1) The proposal is signed by L.L. Watts, Executive Secretary, Virginia Commission for the Blind. A full-page illustration of the proposed school is included in the pamphlet.
creator: Virginia Commission for the Blind
source: M 12 Box 2, Lucian Louis Watts papers 1921-1960, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/ Acknowledgment of VCU Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Bukach, N. (2024). Lucian Louis Watts (1888 – 1974): Statesman, organizer, and advocate for blind and visually impaired Virginians. Social Welfare History Project

We Dedicate...... Virginia Commission for the Blind, September 25, 1941
description: Program from the dedication of the Virginia Commission for the Blind on September 25, 1941. The building, located at 3003 Parkwood Ave. Richmond, Va., was designed by prominent Richmond architects J. Binford Walford and O. Pendleton Wright of Walford & Wright, Architect. Members of the Commission listed on the program: James H. Price, Governor of Virginia Herbert J. Taylor, Chairman John L. Livers, Secretary Paul N. Derring Mrs. Howard C Gilmer Halstead S. Hedges, M.D. Clifton C. Hume Joseph J. Williams, Jr. L.L. Watts, Executive Secretary
source: M 12 Box 2, Lucian Louis Watts papers 1921-1960, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1941 September 25
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/ Acknowledgment of VCU Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Bukach, N. (2024). Lucian Louis Watts (1888 – 1974): Statesman, organizer, and advocate for blind and visually impaired Virginians. Social Welfare History Project

Report of the Legislative Commission For the Blind, 1920-21 [Commonwealth of Virginia]
description: A report made to the Governor and Members of the General Assembly of Virginia by the first Commission for the Blind. The report's Appendix includes: Resolutions adopted by the Virginia Association of Workers for the Blind in Convention Assembled: 1) Resolved: That the work for the blind in Virginia should be co-ordinated under a single permanent commission who should have general direction of the work of prevention of blindness, industrial rehabilitation, placement, home teaching, etc. 2) WHEREAS, The Virginia School for the Deaf and Blind at Staunton is at present crowded to capacity in attempting to care for the instruction of both the Deaf and the Blind, and Whereas, recent investigations have shown that the number of children in the State of the two classes who are not receiving an education is probably as great as those who are now in attendance at the school, and Whereas, the methods of instruction of the two groups are so radically different as to require separate groups of teachers, and complete duplication of class rooms, study halls, text books, and apparatus, involving indeed the maintenance of the separate schools within the same institution, Therefore be it recolved, that we are convinced that the interest of both classes will be promoted by complete separation of the schools. (Signed) H. J. Taylor, Chairman, Staunton, Va. Senator S. L. Ferguson, Appomattox, Va. L. L. Watts, Secretary, Staunton, Va.
source: M 12 Box 2, Lucian Louis Watts papers 1921-1960, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1921
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/ Acknowledgment of VCU Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Bukach, N. (2024). Lucian Louis Watts (1888 – 1974): Statesman, organizer, and advocate for blind and visually impaired Virginians. Social Welfare History Project

Negro Organization Society. Programme 12, 13, 14 November 1924. Fredericksburg, Va.
description: Program for the twelfth annual session of the Negro Organization Society, held in Fredericksburg, Virginia. November 12-14, 1924.
source: M 9 Box 81 Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries.
publisher: The Saint Luke Press. 900-2-4 St. James Street, Richmond, Virginia.
date: 1924
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries.
rights: NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.

Letter, Ora Brown Stokes to Adèle Goodman Clark, June 1, 1922 regarding fundraising for National Federation of Colored Women's Clubs
description: Letterhead: Commission on Inter-Racial Co-operation, Atlanta, Ga. 210 W. Leigh St. Richmond Va. June 1st 1922 Dear Miss Clark: The National Federation of Colored Women's Clubs will meet in this city during the first week in August and I am asked to raise$50.00 towards the $1500 that the local committee must raise to meet the demands that will be required of us. I am writing to 25 of our white friends asking them to help me raise my $50.00. As Chairman of the local committee I am anxious to get the required amount. Won't you please help us and help me to make my report? Very truly yours, Ora Brown Stokes ----- The NACWC biennial meeting was held at Ebenezer Baptist Church in Richmond, Va., August 6 - 11, 1922. Ida B. Wells Barnett, the prominent journalist and civil rights activist, traveled from Chicago with her daughter Alfreda to attend. Speakers included Hallie J. Brown, Mary Church Terrell, Margaret Murray Washington (Mrs. Booker T. Washington), Mary Bethune, and others.
creator: Stokes, Ora Brown
source: M 9 Box 81, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1922 June 1
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: This item is in the public domain. Acknowledgement of the Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Great Women's Convention Here. Richmond Planet, 1922, July 29. Bonis, R. (2019). Ora E. Brown Stokes (1882–1957), Dictionary of Virginia Biography. Ora Brown Stokes, Social Welfare History Image Portal

League for the Promotion of Public School Education in Virginia letter, January 20, 1930
description: Informational letter from the League for the Promotion of Public School Education in Virginia signed by the Chairman, Robert S. Barrett. Barrett was the son of the Rev. Dr. Robert S. Barrett, an Episcopal clergyman, and Kate Waller Barrett, one of the first women medical doctors in the South and co-founder of the National Florence Crittenton Mission. Text -- Dear Fellow Virginian: As you have perhaps noted in the newspapers this League has been established for the purpose of promoting public school education in Virginia. It is non-political and non-sectarian. There are no dues or obligations of any kind and its membership is composed of those persons who are interested in this important subject. The simple advice that your are interested will make you a member. Just at the present time the League is interested in the establishment of a Secretary of Education in the Presidents cabinet, believing that it will be of great benefit to Virginia. We agree with Senator Capper, of Kansas, and Representative Robsion, of Kentucky, the authors of the bill now pending in Congress, who say: "We seek broader opportunity for the childhood of this Nation, by guaranteeing to every boy and girl under the Stars and Stripes, regardless of race, creed, or color, at least a Grammar School eduation. If we succeed the deplorable illiteracy, now so manifest on every hand, will be abolished and intelligence completely enthroned." We feel that as a friend of education you should be interested in this bill and are therefore sending you a copy together with Congressman Robsion's speech which effectually answers all arguments against it. After you have read this leterature we will greatly appreciate it if you would write to our Virginia Senators, Senators Claude S. Swanson, and Senator Carter Glass, and your representative in Congress letting them know that you approve the bill and asking them to advocate and vote for it. Yours very truly, Robert S. Barrett Chairman
source: M 9 Box 30, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1930 January 20
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: COPYRIGHT UNDETERMINED The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/

Suffrage Rally, May 1, 1915, Richmond, Va. [photographs]
description: These photographs document a suffrage rally held on the south portico of the Virginia Capitol on May 1, 1915. Dr. E. N. Calisch, rabbi of Congregation Beth Ahabah, spoke in favor of woman suffrage at the event. Joy Montgomery Higgins of Nebraska addressed the crowd next. The Equal Suffrage League was denied permission to speak on city streets by Richmond Mayor Ainslie, on the grounds that, while there was no law forbidding them to speak, neither was there one that allowed him to grant them a permit. The women proceeded to give speeches from inside an automobile, and the event was documented and reported by the Richmond Times-Dispatch on May, 2, 1915. According to the paper, Floating suffrage banners, fluttering yellow ribbons, silver-toned bugles, and a brass band proclaimed the fact that yesterday was Equal Suffrage Day in Richmond, as well as in every other town and city of the United States. Throughout the morning forty women, at eleven stands about the city, sold copies of the Woman's Journal, and suffrage flags, buttons, and postcards. The cordial and sympathetic attitude shown by the public was regarded as a striking illustration of the change in public opinion effected during the last few years. By June, ESL members had successfully secured a permit to speak on city streets. Note: Images displayed here are black and white copies of the original photographs. Automobile identified as that of Mrs. W. W. Foster. Occupants of the vehicle are: (back seat) Mrs. Alice Overby Taylor, Mrs. W. Hill Urquhart, Jr., Mrs. G. Harvey Clark; (middle seat) Joy Montgomery Higgins, Mrs. Charles V. Meredith; (front seat) Lila Meade Valentine, Mabel Vernon, Chauffer, James.
source: M 9 Box 239, Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849 - 1978, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1915 May 1
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/ Acknowledgment of VCU Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Suffrage, Social Welfare History Image Portal Suffrage at 100. A visual history. New York Times. Wheeler, M. (1992). Mary Johnston, Suffragist. The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, 100(1), 99-118.

Woman's Journal and Suffrage News, November 30, 1912
description: Editorial cartoon by Ralph Wilder published Woman's Journal and Suffrage News, Vol . 43, No. 47, November 30, 1912. A group of suffragists wearing "Votes for Women" sashes enter a room where they are greeted by women labelled "Idaho," "Washington," "Utah," "Wyoming," "Colorado," and "California" (states where women could already vote). The suffragists joining the party are "Oregon," "Michigan," "Kansas," and "Arizona." Caption: "Meanwhile The Ladies Have Been Having a Perfectly Lovely Time" Publication note: "Courtesy Chicago Record-Herald"
creator: Wilder, Ralph
source: M 9 Box 56, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1912 November 30
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Acknowledgment of Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Woman Suffrage, Social Welfare History Image Portal Wielding the Pen: Editorial Cartooning for Social Reform, Social Welfare History Image Portal Winslow, C. S. (1947). Early Chicago: As Seen by a Cartoonist. Illus. by Ralph Wilder. Chicago: Charles S. Winslow pub.

The Candle. Vol. I, No. V, December 1957
description: Newsletter published by the Virginia State Conference-NAACP. The Candle's header shows two lighted candles and the motto, "It is Better to Light One Candle Than to Curse the Darkness." This issue includes reporting on the Virginia Political Action convention. Photographs of particiapnts in the Visual Aid Educational Political Action program show young people in costume and with props illustrating the importance of voting. Excerpts: Cover photograph captioned "The Three Presidents. 22 Years of Progressive Leadership. Dr. J. M. Tinsley of Richmond, president emeritus of the Virginia State Conference, congratulates Dr. Philip Y. Wyatt of Fredericksburg the newly elected Conference president as Dr. E. B. Henderson of Falls Church, retiring president looks on. Dr. Tinsley retired in 1955 after servicing as Conference president for 20 years. Dr. Henderson, after serving as president for two years could not stand for re-election because of a constitutional provision (adoped in 1955) prohibiting a third term." p.2 In our PAC work we have to keep going over the same points. In Virginia 26% of the adult population is colored, but we do not have a single Negro among the 100 Delegates in the General Assembly, nor among the 40 Senators. If we could get the majority of Negroes to vote our fight against segregation and discrimination would make real headway. There are three steps in getting Negroes to "count"; payment of poll taxes before the deadline, registration, and voting. Why don't more colored people vote? Some don't think it matters, some lack the education, some are fearful, and some just don't make the effort. We must keep hammering to get the deadlines met, to get older people who have never voted to overcome their shyness, to get citizens to study up on issues and candidates. We must inspire our teachers, ministers, and civic leaders to be voting citizens themselves and to preach the importance of using the ballot to win freedom.
source: M 296 Box 2, John Mitchell Brooks collection of NAACP files, 1957-1960, 1978 James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1957 December
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: COPYRIGHT UNDETERMINED The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/

"You Gotta Believe It" Your One Vote Does Count. [Crusade for Voters pamphlet]
description: Front and back covers of a four-page pamphlet created by the Crusade for Voters, Richmond, Va. The circular logo on the front cover shows a family of color with an American flag. Surrounding them is the slogan, "Every member of our family is a voter." Other text on the page says, "'You Gotta Believe It' Your One Vote Does Count. In Unity There is Strength." p.4 excerpts The black vote could be vital in many councilmanic elections, congressional elections, and even in the presidential election. If there is one who has not seen the value of the vote, take him by the hand and get him registered. He could be your next door neighbor, your husband, your wife, a member of your church, club, or organization. Wherever you find him, get him registered! By using your votes wisely -- voting for the right people -- impossible doors will be opened. The power of the people is at the Ballot Box -- Vote. At page bottom: Published by the Crusade for Voters -- a non partisan organization in the interest of increasing the Voter Registration and Education.
source: M 296, Box 2, John Mitchell Brooks collection of NAACP files, 1957-1960, 1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
publisher: Crusade for Voters, Richmond, Va.
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: COPYRIGHT UNDETERMINED The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Controlling the Vote: Rights. Registration. Representation. Social Welfare History Image Portal Hayter, J. M. (2017). The dream is lost. Voting rights and the politics of race in Richmond, Virginia. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky Moeser, J. V. & Dennis, R. M. (2020). The politics of annexation. Oligarchic power in a southern city. Open Access Edition. Digital publisher: VCU Libraries. Original (1982) edition Cambridge, MA: Schenkman Publishing Company Voter registration, Social Welfare History Image Portal Voting rights, Social Welfare History Image Portal

Imperial Palace, Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, Atlanta, GA [postcard]
description: Postcard showing Imperial Palace, Stone Mountain, GA surrounded by seven Klansmen brandishing torches, mounted on horseback. A portrait of William Joseph Simmons, founder and leader of the second Ku Klux Klan, appears at upper right corner. Portrait caption: "Col. W. J. Simmons, Founder and Imperial Wizard." Text: "Imperial Palace, Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, Atlanta, GA. Stone Mountain, Largest Solid Stone in the World, one mile from Base to Summit. On its highest pinnacle the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan Oranized at Midnight, Nov. 25th, 1915." On reverse: "Published by a Klansman" --- The birth of the second Ku Klux Klan was partly inspired by D. W. Griffith's 1915 film, The Birth of a Nation. The face of Stone Mountain became the site of the Confederate Memorial Carving, the largest bas-relief sculpture in the world. This bas-relief depicts the three Confederate leaders of the Civil War: President Jefferson Davis and Generals Robert E. Lee and Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson. The sculptor was Gutzon Borglum, whose next major project was Mount Rushmore. In his "I Have A Dream" speech (28 August 1963), Martin Luther King, Jr. invoked the imagery of "My Country 'Tis of Thee" saying, Let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia. Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee. Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi. From every mountainside, let freedom ring.
source: M 172 Box 1, Calvin T. Lucy papers, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Backlash to Reform: Hatred and Extremism, Social Welfare History Image Portal Martin Luther King, Jr., Social Welfare History Image Portal Ku Klux Klan, Social Welfare History Image Portal Mapping the Second Ku Klux Klan, 1915-1940, Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries New York World Expose of the Ku Klux Klan, Wikipedia Ku Klux Klan, New York 1921. Chronicling America. Historic American Newspapers. Library of Congress White supremacy, Social Welfare History Image Portal

American Association for Labor Legislation [membership solicitation card]
description: Membership solicitation card published by the American Association for Labor Legislation. One side has an editorial cartoon by Gordon Grant, republished from Better Times, a New York welfare magazine. It shows a family standing under an arch in which the keystone (labelled "Employment") is slipping out. If the keystone falls, the family will be crushed. Excerpts: Security of Employment for the Breadwinner. The only basis of Sound Social Action. Help the Keystone Hold! Other side-- Purpose: To improve industrial conditions that needlessly involve loss of life, health and productivity of workers; and to obtain uniform labor laws in the interest of the whole community. This Association is an instrument with which men and women are accomplishing, cooperatively, what they could not hope to do individually.
source: M 9 Box 98, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: COPYRIGHT UNDETERMINED The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/
relation: Learn more: We're Home--Now What? National World War I Museum and Memorial exhibit

Eugenics in Relation to the New Family and the Law on Racial Integrity.
description: Eugenics in Relation to the New Family and the Law on Racial Integrity. Including a paper read before the American Public Health Association. Pamphlet created by W. A. Plecker, M.D., Virginia state registrar of vital statistics from 1912 to 1946. Plecker was an advocate of eugenics and white supremacy. He used Virginia's Act to Protect Racial Integrity (1924) to remove legal recognition of Native Americans in the state, instead classifying them as "colored." The Act to Protect Racial Integrity remained in effect until 1967 when it was overturned in the landmark case, Loving v. Virginia. Pamphlet sections: Introduction Eugenics Virginia's Attempt to Adjust the Color Problem (Read before the American Public Health Association, at Detroit, October 23, 1924.) An Act to Preserve Racial Integrity Appendix
creator: Plecker, W. A. (Walter Ashby Plecker)
source: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries
publisher: Bureau of Vital Statistics, State Board of Health, Richmond, Va.
date: 1925
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries
rights: NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Eugenics, Social Welfare History Image Portal White supremacy, Social Welfare History Image Portal Race, Social Welfare History Image Portal Heim, J. (2015 July, 1). How a long-dead white supremacist still threatens the future of Virginia’s Indian tribes. The Washington Post. State Recognized Tribes, Secretary of the Commonwealth. Virginia Indians. Albiges, M. (2018 October, 4). Virginia’s Indian tribes celebrate federal recognition. Associated Press. Richmond School of Social Economy, First Annual Announcement, 1917-1918. Bulletin No. 1, Social Welfare History Image Portal

The Rights of the People -- Women Are People. Suffrage Victory Map [ESL of Virginia / NAWSA broadside]
description: This broadside has a map at top that shows the extent of woman suffrage across the United States. At this time, women could vote in presidential elections in some states; in municipal elections in others; and only with regard to school bond and tax matters in others. The lower half of the broadside is titled "VIRGINIA WOMEN WANT THE VOTE." The text was created by the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia. It argues that two out of three women across the state, in both rural and urban location, are suffragists. "Virginia women who are asking for enfranchisement are BY NO MEANS A SMALL MINORITY." "The child and the home are the greatest assets of the nation. The Farmer's Wife is his working partner. She helps him to pay taxes on roads and schools. She should have the right on where and how these roads and schools are built; to elect the school trustees who determine what her children shall be taught." "Virginia wives and mothers should vote upon public health laws and moral laws which vitally affect the welfare of the family." The broadside then addresses the argument that a federal amendment permitting women to vote will increase the voting power of African Americans in the south. With the Civil War and Reconstruction only fifty-four years in the past, the southern states were against any federal law reducing their right to control who could vote. The ESL makes the argument that the states' power to levy poll taxes, have residency requirements, and require that voters be able to read and write will be sufficient. "Whte Supremacy. There is now no negro domination under male suffrage in the counties in Virginia where white people are in the minority, and there will be no negro domination with men and women voting." The broadside also argues that women are conservative voters, so woman suffrage will not increase the socialist vote.
source: M 9 Box 233, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: c. 1919
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/ Acknowledgment of VCU Libraries as a source is requested.
relation: Learn more: Suffrage, Social Welfare History Image Portal Discovery Set: Woman Suffrage, Social Welfare History Image Portal Discovery Set: Annotating Suffrage, Social Welfare History Image Portal Discovery Set: The Anti-Suffrage Movement, Social Welfare History Image Portal

Richmond School of Social Economy, First Annual Announcement, 1917-1918. Bulletin No. 1
description: First Bulletin of the Richmond School of Social Economy. This school would change names at several points in its history, becoming the School of Social Work and Public Health, the Richmond Professional Institute, and, after merging with the Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University. Stamped on cover: "Name changed from Richmond School of Social Economy to Virginia School of Social Work." Address also changed with a stamp from "6-8 North 6th Street" to "1112 Capitol St." Richmond, VA. This bulletin describes the classes, curriculum, and field work offerred by the new Richmond School of Social Economy along three tracks: general, public health nursing, and recreation. Entrance requirements, registration, fees, scholarships, library facilities, board and other matters are outlined. The names of the Board of Directors, Administrative Officers, Faculty and Special Lecturers are listed. An advertisement for the first term declared: "Usual Opportunities Offerred For specialization in Public Health Nursing, Church Work, Medical Social Work, Juvenile Court and Playground Work." Field work in the first year included the Virginia Home and Industrial School for Girls, a reform school in Bon Air, Va. The superintendent, Anna M. Petersen taught eugenics at the RSSE. --- Transcriptions of Richmond Times-Dispatch articles describing the events surrounding the establishment of the school may be found at the Social Welfare History Project. These describe the period from October 1916, when serious conversations about starting a school began to be reported in the press, to July 1917 when Howard H. Hibbs, began as the school's first director. The efforts of Richmond and Petersburg citizens such as Orie Latham Hatcher, Virginia McKenney (later Claiborne), Father Charles Hannigan, Nannie Minor, the Rev. J. T. Mastin, May Lansfield Keller, Katherine H. Hawes, the Rev. H. C. D. Maclachlan, and Agnes Randolph were important in the movement from felt need, to the idea of a…
creator: Richmond School of Social Economy
source: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries
date: 1917
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries
rights: NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Virginia Home and Industrial School for Girls, Social Welfare History Project Richmond School of Social Economy - Beginnings. October 1916 - July 1917. Social Welfare History Project Richmond School of Social Economy. Opening Term. Fall 1917. Social Welfare History Project

Kate Waller Barrett [photograph]
description: Photographic portrait of Kate Waller Barrett. Barrett was one of the first women medical doctors in the south. She co-founded the National Florence Crittenton Mission with Charles Nelson Crittenton. The organization focused on the needs of unwed mothers and prostitutes ("fallen women"). Barrett was instrumental in helping unwed mothers become an acceptable subject of philanthropy.
source: M 9 Box 239, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: COPYRIGHT UNDETERMINED The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/
relation: Learn more: Kate Waller Barrett, Social Welfare History Project Florence Crittenton Mission, Social Welfare History Project Kate Waller Barrett, Social Welfare History Image Portal

Virginia Suffrage News, vol. 1, no. 2, November 1914
description: A publication of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia. The ESL formed in November 1909 in Richmond, Va. Lila Meade Valentine served as the first president. Adele Goodman Clark, Nora Houston, Ellen Glasgow, Mary Johnston, Kate Waller Barrett, and Kate Langley Bosher were among the approximately 20 women who founded the group. In 1910, Ellen Gertrude Kidd, owner of "Pin Money Pickles" became treasurer of the ESL. An advertisement for Pin Money Pickles appears on p. 16 of this issue.
creator: Equal Suffrage League of Virginia
source: M 9 Box 56, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1914 November
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/ Acknowledgment of VCU Libraries as a source is requested.

Virginia Suffrage News, vol. 1, no.3, December 1914
description: A publication of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia. The ESL formed in November 1909 in Richmond, Va. Lila Meade Valentine served as the first president. Adele Goodman Clark, Nora Houston, Ellen Glasgow, Mary Johnston, Kate Waller Barrett, and Kate Langley Bosher were among the approximately 20 women who founded the group. In 1910, Ellen Gertrude Kidd, owner of "Pin Money Pickles" became treasurer of the ESL.
creator: Equal Suffrage League
source: M 9 Box 56, Adèle Goodman Clark papers, 1849-1978, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
date: 1914 December
contributor: Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, VCU Libraries
rights: NO KNOWN COPYRIGHT The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/ Acknowledgment of VCU Libraries as a source is requested.